Information Technology And Information Systems - 1797 Words

Information technology (IT) provides diverse opportunities for companies to automate, inform, and transform their business infrastructures and outcomes (Rahimi, Mà ¸ller, Hvam, 2016). ICT (Information and Communications Technology) is rapidly growing in applications and uses for designing, producing, and delivering traditional and new technological products and services (El Kadiri et al., 2015). Managers of ICT and information systems (IS) would benefit from understanding issues and trends in ICT that can affect their business models and financial indicators. This paper explores information technology issues and trends in the context of business. Furthermore, because ICT trends and issues are numerous, it focuses on ICT technologies for enterprise information systems, specifically (a) data value chain management, (b) context awareness, (c) usability, interaction and visualization, (d) human learning and continuous education, and (e) IT outsourcing. It describes these issues first and then proceeds to illustrate the current state of thinking regarding poor or missing integration between business management and IT management and related social issues of IT management. It also presents personal opinions regarding these issues. Information Technology Issues Five of the most pressing IT issues that impact business affect how data is seen, collected, integrated, and used in national and multinational corporations are (a) data value chain management, (b) context awareness, (c)Show MoreRelatedInformation Technology And Information Systems Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Technology Information technology and systems are vital to our success personally and professionally, and managers rely on information technology and systems every day. It is these systems that also help to support managers in planning, leading, organizing, and controlling. Many people need access to the same information which requires information to be centralized, accessible, stored, updated, and even customized. In this paper, we will explore how information technology and informationRead MoreInformation Technology and Information Systems2340 Words   |  10 PagesThe Information technology industry, where nothing is predictable and constant change has become a usual trend, is now on its new phase of its evolution stages. According to Richard L. Nolan, MBA Class of 1942 Professor of Business Administration: â€Å"Information Technology is no longer being used as just a tactical resource, it’s now fundamentally influencing business strategy and competition† (http://www.alu mni.hbs.edu/bulletin/1997/april/text/theory_text.html 04.02.06). This paper will examine andRead MoreInformation Technology vs Information Systems2169 Words   |  9 PagesALL Questions. 1. What is the difference between information technology and information systems? Describe some of the functions of information systems. In your answer include two examples of information technologies and two examples of information systems. Information technology is the use of computer hardware, software and associated technologies to process data and achieve company’s business objectives. Some examples of information technologies include mobile computer devices such as PDAs as wellRead MoreManagement Of Information Technology And Information Systems3409 Words   |  14 PagesProf. Brabazon Management of Information Technology and Information Systems July 10, 2015  I. Executive Summary Zappos introduced a brand new business model that revolved around retaining a customer rather than spending money for new customers. Zappos had to ensure control over the delivery mechanism so they could â€Å"WOW† their customers with excellent service and delivery. They maintained their own inventory and warehouse, and developed an inventory management system. Zappos business strategy isRead MoreBuilding An Information Technology And Information Systems1775 Words   |  8 Pagesestablishment of an information technology and information systems, enterprises have experienced a constant increase in their size, scope and complexity. So functional or logical construction and model representations are needed to manage and organize. In 1990’s and earlier, a lot of Enterprise Architecture (EA) emerged out of IT function. It is very much about dealing with problems of the day to day. We have real world IT systems which do not interoperate with each other or share information. So, thereRead MoreThe Information Systems / Technologies2302 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction In this paper, we will analyze a few of the Information Systems/Technologies that are currently used by Workday and also, we will propose a couple of other Information Systems/Technologies that can be employed at Workday in future to further improve its performance. About Workday Workday is a leading provider of enterprise cloud applications for human resources and finance. Workday delivers human capital management, financial management, and analytics applications designed for theRead MoreInformation Technology : One Of The Information System In Bangladesh999 Words   |  4 PagesIn this current phenomena, information technology has arrived to a pick point where everything depends on it as well as the business sector. It is quite impossible to run a business without the use of information system. RFID is one of the booming technology of this era which helps the business sectors in monitoring and securing inventory, serving customers fast and easily. RFID systems use tiny tags with embedded microchips containing data about an item and its location to transmit radio signalsRead MoreInformation Technology And The Health Systems1301 Words   |  6 PagesInformation Technology (IT) Initiative Proposal As the business analyst for the Health Systems, Inc., I had was afforded the opportunity to conduct an analysis on the current information technology systems. Upon recognizing and discovering several issues within the Health Systems, Inc. existing information technology systems, my team and I are preparing resolutions for each and every one of them. In addition to these resolutions, we will incorporate an Information Security and Assurance platformRead MoreOverview of Information Systems and Technology1430 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of Information Systems and Technology Introduction An information system is used within an organization for the purpose of providing the management and other employees with updated information regarding the organizations performance. The information provided includes current sales, and inventory. These information systems are designed, developed, and maintained so they can capture, compile, quantify, analyze, and share information with the various departments within the organization.Read MoreInformation Systems And Database Technology1599 Words   |  7 PagesHealth information systems and database technology continue to advance and grow and allow users to pull data and interconnect like ever before. The goal for this discussion is to better familiarize you with fundamental concepts in relation to database systems and relevant health information standards. We will also be comparing three of the top ten most purchased EHR systems for comparison, allowing you to understand the functionality of each system, as well as, the barriers to implementation. A

Role of Women in WWI - 1712 Words

Role of Women in WWI Abstract During the World War I, effective propaganda and publicity was used by Britain and its allies to create patriotism, recruit new soldiers, and raise funds and to justify for going on war against the enemy. Women played an important role in influencing the propaganda of World War I. Literature, music, cinema, posters and postcards were used in order to promote the war and justify its cause by Britain and its allies. World War I had a massive impact in Europe and North America and all over the world. It had an influence on all the spheres of individuals, especially in Europe and North America. The word propaganda is defined as the doctrines, ideas, arguments, facts, or allegations spread by deliberate effort through any medium of communication in order to further ones cause or to damage an opposing cause (Dombrowski, 1999, 59). In simple terms, it is defined as the strategy and course of action taken to influence a cause and promote it within the entire community. It is also considered to be the publicity of ideas in order to convince the public. In order to promote a propaganda, it is essential that strong media is utilized to transmit it to a large audience in order to accomplish its objective(Gavin, 2007, 46). During the World War I, effective propaganda and publicity was used by Britain and its allies to create patriotism, recruit new soldiers, and raise funds and to justify for going on war against the enemy. Women played anShow MoreRelatedHow Important Was the Role of Women During Wwi Essay623 Words   |  3 PagesHow important was the role of women during world war 1 The early rush of volunteers and later the conscription of men led to a shortage of manpower on the home front. Women, already working in munitions factories were encouraged to take on jobs normally done by men. This was the start of major social change. Before the war, women had been content to stay at home to bring up the family and do domestic work. It was considered unbecoming for a woman to work. During the war it was considered unpatrioticRead MoreWomen’s Role in Wwi: Before and After1357 Words   |  6 Pagesand employment, were women. The outbreak of WWI saw a number of unexpected changes take place within the common social strata. These changes were prompted by the fact that a new wave of social-thinking was taking shape and eventually affected the manner by which the society reflected itself. While men formed political parties, engaged in planning war schemes and creating economic strategies, women also played an essential and significant role during wartime Europe. WWI women can be described toRead MoreAmerica: United in Change1005 Words   |  4 Pagesjumped into WWI in 1914, America adopted a policy of neutrality. News of the horrors of the war convinced Americans that they had taken the right approach. Many could not believe that a civilized society could resort to such atrocities. Germany’s use of U-boats in unrestricted submarine warfare finally pushed the U.S. to declare war. President Wilson urged for peace based upon the idea of a League of Nations, where many nations would act as one to pre serve the peace of all. Although WWI pitted countryRead MoreHistory : The Women s Movement1614 Words   |  7 Pagesway of becoming a country that has learned to accept women, move towards providing them with equal opportunities and treating them equally. Through economic, social and political movements and actions, the contribution from women and the women’s movement have increased, changed and improved women’s rights and equality greatly. Women worked to create independence and equality economically through their contributions to war on the homefront in WWI resulting in greater workplace equality, socially throughRead MoreModern Femininity And Gender Roles1223 Words   |  5 Pagesmost importantly, Hà ¶ch challenges the concept of modern femininity and gender roles through her work. As the only female Berlin Dada artist, Hannah Hà ¶ch takes a unique and important perspective on the social and political changes occurring in 20th century Germany. Hà ¶ch was born in 1889 in Gotha, Germany. She moved to Berlin in 1912 to study calligraphy, embroidery, wallpaper design, and graphic art (National Museum of Women in the Arts). In 1915, she met Raoul Hausmann, with whom she had a seven-yearRead MoreThe Major Reasons for Women Receiving the Right to Vote 1099 Words   |  4 PagesThe major reasons for women receiving in 1918 the vote in my opinion were divided into sections, political view, male view, war effort and changes in law and legislation. Whilst some historians argue that the women’s work during WWI in factories and other work programmes radically changed male ideas about their role in society other traditional historians suggest that the government passing the legislation to give women the vote in 1918 was almost a reward for their efforts I believe that this explanationRead MoreVictorian Era Gender Roles and the Development of Women’s Football in England1054 Words   |  5 Pagesgender roles in British c ulture in the context of Victorian era values and women’s football: â€Å"‘The Cultures of sport in Britain have been distinctively male, rooted in masculine values and patriarchal exclusiveness’† Through the introduction of female football into British society the system of Victorian values were challenged by expanding gender roles. The institution of women’s soccer in the late 19th and 20th century was supported by the wartime need to reorder gender roles during WWI, and itRead MoreThe World War I, The Australian Home Front1702 Words   |  7 Pagescensorship drastically altered the Australians’ views of war and women began to pick up odd jobs in order to assist the soldiers as very few of them were allowed to directly help as nurses in Gallipoli. There were also extreme economic alterations as the wages in Australia were pushed down and prices were pushed up, and the country discarded major trade partners who had become their enemy. *** The Australian home front during WWI was drastically altered politically through the conscription voteRead MoreA Brief Note On Wwi And The War1538 Words   |  7 Pages WWI began on July 28th, 1914. This war was between the allies which included  Britain, Russia, France, Italy and the  United States and the Central Powers which were Germany, Austria,  Ottoman Empire  and  Bulgaria.   In the beginning of the war when men were beginning to get drafted there were too many job vacancies. Many companies were facing a significant loss of employees due to the fact that men held most of the jobs because the women were at home performing their domestic duties. Many women hadRead MoreHow Medicine Changed American History1296 Words   |  6 PagesAs expected, with war comes extensive injuries. During WWI, it took a wounded soldier about 24 hours to travel from the battlefield to a hospital. Many times, the soldiers did not live through that excruciating 24 hours. The wounds inflicted on many soldiers led to the development of new medical techniques and improvements (iWonder 2015). The quickly rising death toll during WWI led to the creation of b lood transfusion techniques. Prior to WWI, blood transfusions were nearly impossible without cross-matching

Philosophy Of Education Based On Curriculum Perspectives Education Essay Free Essays

Gregory A ; Ripski ( 2008 ) explains the effects of making trust and edifice bonds with pupils, â€Å" A relational attack may gain pupil cooperation via pupils ‘ feelings of their instructors as trustworthy and legitimate authorization figures † . Teachers must be leaders inside and outside the schoolroom. The instructor ‘s function is to first make energy to swear and esteem in their schoolroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Philosophy Of Education Based On Curriculum Perspectives Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now By making a schoolroom scene that is safe and loving ; pupils ‘ motive and energy towards larning is straight wedged explains Eccles A ; Roeser ( 2003 ) , â€Å" It has been suggested that due to the developmental significance of relationships during adolescence ( peculiarly relationships outside the household ) , a socially supportive school atmosphere will advance positive academic and societal results in immature people † as cited in Associating Academic Social Environments, Ego-Identity formation, Ego Virtues and Academic Success ( Good A ; Adams 2008 ) . The key of a successful instructor is understanding how they became the instructors they which straight impacts pupil success. Student success is straight relationship to a safe schoolroom scene, positive relationships with pupils, and the desire to larn. I believe that each kid possesses the ability to be successful no affair what their environment. Each pupil has a alone personality that with individualised attending can happen success in whatever they set their head to make. I believe that pupils should be able to have an instruction in an environment that is safe, and fulfilling to everyone involved. It is my belief that each kid possesses a flicker inside them and the function of the pedagogue is to tackle that flicker and make energy ( desire ) of the pupil to larn. Many first twelvemonth pedagogues receive advice such as â€Å" do non smile until December † and â€Å" Let pupils neglect in the beginning, so they know they need you † , Landsman et Al ( 2008 ) argues, â€Å" Unfortunately, excessively many instructors begin their calling without a tool kit full of schemes for pull offing pupil acquisition. Therefore, they end up training pupils with force and menaces † . With this attitude educating the pupils of today is a losing conflict. The attack pedagogues take into their schoolroom sing pupils can finally order the success of the pupils behaviorally and academically, â€Å" Educators can construct better schools by cognizing, swearing, authorising, linking, and honouring all their pupils † ( Hoffman A ; Lavek 2008 ) . The cogent evidence comes from the pupils ‘ success. The intent of instruction is to enable pupils to go successful in their lives. As an pedagogue I must larn what is of import to my pupils and what will assist them win in mundane life. Taking what is of import to them combined with the Georgia Performance Standards will assist to make their single success. I believe effectual instructors should make this every twenty-four hours every bit good as relate all acquisition to the universe around the pupils doing it meaningful to them. Constructing Relationships Relationships are non built in an blink of an eye. Time builds bonds with pupils. Relationships do non come over dark between pupils and instructors, nevertheless the clip exhausted making these bonds nurture a successful schoolroom, â€Å" The clip required to develop relationships with pupils may be significant. However without this clip, the loath scholar may ne’er go engaged in larning † ( Landsman, Moore, A ; Simmons 2008 ) . A successful school is a topographic point where instructors take the clip to larn about their pupils as stated by Hoffman A ; Lavek ( 2008 ) , â€Å" To make schools that function as individualized communities of larning instead than anon. establishments where some pupils feel they belong and others feel ignored, we must cognize our students-how they think, what they need, and what they want † . Relationships in the schoolroom and off from academically puting have the possible to impact the pupils instantly every bit good as supply a longer last impact. Classroom Environment Teachers many times can make a nurturing environment or cold schoolroom by the manner they perceive certain pupils. The incrimination is frequently passed on to the pupil as a deficiency of motive or duty, but the instructors may be the incrimination. As cited in, Reluctant Teacher, Ladson-Billings ( 2006 ) indicates that instructors who define pupils in such footings create a schoolroom environment that is no longer a topographic point of acquisition and high outlooks, but instead a topographic point rooted in control and direction. Such conditions will non assist the loath scholar become successful ( Landsman et al.2008 ) . Students want to experience that they are of import. They want to experience as if they belong, and have a interest in what they are making in the schools, â€Å" loath scholars need to experience that they are heard, that their narratives, their voices, their inquiries, and their parts affair. The best instructors make pupil voices the centre of the category à ¢â‚¬  ( Landsman et al 2008 ) . My end is to do learning merriment and take every docile minute to the benefit of my pupils. In order to supply my pupils with a route map to success ; I am committed to utilizing new and advanced techniques every bit good as go oning to turn professionally. I will make a stimulating ambiance wrapped with positive support, so pupils can turn and maturate emotionally, intellectually, physically, and socially. Academic Achievement and Behavior Fostering relationships where the pupils trust and have a relationship with their instructor lead to a well run schoolroom academically and behaviorally. Students who feel their environment in secure and understand the outlooks are more likely to back up and work for their instructor describes Stuhlman, Hamre, A ; Pianta ( 2002 ) , â€Å" since the schoolroom is the puting where pupils execute on a day-to-day footing, doing it a more supportive environment may hold more immediate and longer-lasting effects on results such as behaviour and attending † . Another factor is behavior jobs and hapless academic accomplishment is motive. Students who are non motivated are more likely to hold behavior issues or academic jobs. Dissecting the pupils ‘ involvements to research how to actuate their acquisition will engender a schoolroom where pupils are willing to work, â€Å" by developing and presenting such schemes, pedagogues facilitate the edifice of positive relationships bet ween instructors and pupils that can supply the motive, enterprise, and battle which are indispensable for academic success † ( Stuhlman et al 2002 ) . Collaboration is the following key to pupil success. Without the support of the parents and/or defenders and all pedagogues involved so larning is jeopardized. Educators can non trust to accomplish success without back uping one another and the support of the parents. Students can make higher degrees of larning when all grownups involved in their acquisition aids take their educational growing beyond the walls of the school. Gregory, A. , A ; Ripski, M. ( 2008 ) . Adolescent trust in instructors: Deductions for behaviour in high school schoolroom. School Psychology Review, 37 ( 3 ) 337-353. Good, A ; Adams, . ( 2008 ) . Associating academic societal environments, ego-identity formation, self-importance virtuousnesss and academic success. Adolescence, 43 ( 170 ) , 221-236. Hansen, K. ( 2008 ) . Rewriting Bildung for Postmodernity: Books on Educational Philosophy, Classroom Practice, and Reflective Teaching. Curriculum Inquiry, 38 ( 1 ) , 93-115. doi:10.1111/j.1467-873X.2007.00399.x Hoffman, D. , A ; Levak, B. ( 2003 ) . Personalizing schools. Educational Leadership 61 ( 1 ) 30-34. Landsman, J. , Moore, T. , A ; Simmons, R. ( 2008 ) . Loath instructors, Educational Leadership, 65 ( 6 ) 62-66. Slater, L. ( 2004 ) . Relationship-driven instruction cultivates coaction and inclusion Kappa Delta Pi Record 40 ( 2 ) . Stickney, J. ( 2006 ) . Deconstructing Discourses about ‘New Paradigms of Teaching ‘ : A Foucaultian and Wittgensteinian position. Educational Philosophy A ; Theory, 38 ( 3 ) , 327-371. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2006.00198.x. Stuhlman, M. , Hamre, B. , A ; Pianta, R. ( 2002 ) . Advancing the teen/teacher connexion. The Education Connection, 68 ( 3 ) , 15-17. How to cite Philosophy Of Education Based On Curriculum Perspectives Education Essay, Essay examples

Water Level Indicator free essay sample

Generally when we are pumping liquids like water or may be any other liquid is we need a human to see whether the tank is filled or not or we will place a overflow pipe to know that the tank is fill or not in case of water tank and we get confirmed from the water coming from overflow pipe that the has been filled. ere is lots of wastage of water and still we need a human to have a look  over it and so to avoid this and to save wastage of water or any other liquid that is being filled. Here is a simple circuit for liquid level alarm this circuit only tells us when the tank is full with a beep sound. It is built around two BC547 transistors (T1 and T2) and two timer 555 ICs(IC1 and IC2). Both IC1 and IC2 are wired in a stable multi vibrator mode. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Level Indicator or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Timer IC1 produces low frequency, while timer IC2 produces high frequency. As a result, a beeping tone is generated when the liquid tank is full. Initially, when the tank is empty, transistor T1 does not conduct. Consequently, transistor T2 conducts and pin 4 of IC1 is low. This low voltage disables IC1 and it does not oscillate. The low output of IC1 disables IC2 and it does not oscillate. As a result, no sound is heard from the speaker. But when the tank gets filled up, transistor T1 conducts. Consequently, transistor T2 is cut off and pin 4 of IC1 becomes high. This high voltage enablesIC1 and it oscillates to produce low frequencies at pin 3. This low-frequency output enables IC2and it also oscillates to produce high frequencies. As a result, sound is produced from the speaker. Using preset VR1 we can control the volume of the sound from the speaker. The circuit can be powered from a 9V battery or from mains by using a 9V power adaptor. This circuit can  be easily designed and it is easy to Assemble the circuit on a general purpose PCB and we can enclose it in a suitable cabinet. The circuit is as shown below. Circuit of water level indicator 2) CIRCUIT DIAGARM: 3) How it works: The circuit contains I. Bc547 transistors II. Ic 555 timers III. Resistors IV. Capacitors V. Speaker/Buzzer/alarm VI. 9v power supply(battery/ 9v adaptor) VII. Preset VIII. PCB Here we will install two water-level probes using metal strips such that one touches the bottom of the tank and the other touches the maximum level of the water in the tank. Interconnect the sensor and the circuit using a flexible wire as shown in above circuit diagram. hen tank is empty or until the liquid touches the probe present at maximum level the transistor T1 doesn’t conducts and then output is high at collector of transistor T1, this drives the transistor T2 and transistor T2is in on state, and the output at collector of transistor will be low and as it is connected to  pin4(reset pin) this disables ic1(555timer) and output at pin3 which is also low and as it is connected to pin4 of ic2(555tim er) and the output is also low at pin3and it does not produce any sound . When the water or liquid level touches the second probe which is at maximum liquid level, the transistor T1 conducts and then output is low at collector of transistor T1, this drives the transistor T2 into cutoff and transistor T2 is in off state, and the output at collector of  transistor will be high and as it is connected to pin4(reset pin) this enables ic1(555timer) and output at pin3 which is also high and as it is connected to pin4 of ic2(555timer) and the output is  produced at pin3and it produces sound. nd by hearing sound we can confirm that the tank is filled with liquid and we can stop filling it. Also we need a human to switch on and off the  pumping of water, instead of speaker we can use a automatic switch which can switch off the  pumping automatically. 4) COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION: A) IC 555 TIMER The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide up to four timing circuits in one package. Introduced in 1972 by Signetics, the 555 is still in widespread use, thanks to its ease of use, low price, and good stability. It is now made by many companies in the original bipolar and also in low-power CMOS types. As of 2003, it was estimated that 1 billion units are manufactured every year. ? PIN DIAGRAM: Pin 1 (Ground): Connects to the 0v power supply. Pin 2 (Trigger): Detects 1/3 of rail voltage to make output HIGH. Pin 2 has control over pin 6. If pin 2 is LOW, and pin 6 LOW,   output goes and stays HIGH. If pin 6 HIGH, and pin 2 goes LOW, output goes LOW while pin 2 LOW. A small current entering the base in common-emitter | |mode is amplified in the collector output. In other terms, an NPN transistor is on when its base is pulled high relative | |to the emitter. The arrow in the NPN transistor symbol is on the emitter leg and points in the direction of the conventional| |current flow when the device is in forward active mode. One mnemonic device for identifying the symbol for the NPN | |transistor is not pointing in. An NPN transistor can be considered as two diodes with a shared anode region. In typical | |operation, the emitter base junction is forward biased and the base collector junction is reverse biased. In an NPN | |transistor, for example, when a positive voltage is applied to the base emitter junction, the equilibrium between thermally | |generated carriers and the repelling electric field of the depletion region becomes unbalanced, allowing thermally excited | |electrons to inject into the base region. These electrons wander (or diffuse) through the base from the region of high | |concentration near the emitter towards the region of low concentration near the collector. The ratio of the voltage applied across a resistors terminals to the intensity of current in the circuit is called its resistance, and this can be assumed to be a constant (independent of the voltage) for ordinary resistors working within their ratings. Resistors are common elements of electrical networks and electronic circuits and are ubiquitous in electronic equipment. Practical resistors can be made of various compounds and films, as well as resistance wire (wire made of a high-resistivity alloy, such as nickel-chrome). Resistors are also implemented within integrated circuits, particularly analog devices, and can also be integrated into hybrid and printed circuits. D) CAPACITOR: A capacitor (originally known as condenser) is a passive two-terminal electrical component used to store energy in an electric field. The forms of practical capacitors vary widely, but all contain at least two electrical conductors separated by a dielectric (insulator); for example, one common construction consists of metal foils separated by a thin layer of insulating film. Capacitors are widely used as parts of electrical circuits in many common electrical devices. When there is a potential difference (voltage) across the conductors, a static electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge to collect on one plate and negative charge on the other plate. Energy is stored in the electrostatic field. An ideal capacitor is characterized by a single constant value, capacitance, measured in farads. This is the ratio of the electric charge on each conductor to the potential difference between them. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, in filter networks, for smoothing the output of power supplies, in the resonant circuits that tune radios to particular frequencies, in electric power transmission systems for stabilizing voltage and power flow, and for many other purposes. The capacitor is a reasonably general model for electric fields within electric circuits. An ideal capacitor is wholly characterized by a constant capacitance C, defined as the ratio of charge  ±Q on each conductor to the voltage V between them: [pic] Sometimes charge build-up affects the capacitor mechanically, causing its capacitance to vary. In this case, capacitance is defined in terms of incremental changes: [pic] E) PRESET: A preset is a three legged electronic component which can be made to offer varying resistance in a circuit. The resistance is varied by adjusting the rotary control over it. The adjustment can be done by using a small screw driver or a similar tool. The resistance does not vary linearly but rather varies in exponential or logarithmic manner. Such variable resistors are commonly used for adjusting sensitivity along with a sensor. The variable resistance is obtained across the single terminal at front and one of the two other terminals. The two legs at back offer fixed resistance which is divided by the front leg. So whenever only the back terminals are used, a preset acts as a fixed resistor. Presets are specified by their fixed value resistance. Pin Diagram: F) BUZZER: A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical, electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarm devices, timers and confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. Mechanical A joy buzzer is an example of a purely mechanical buzzer. Electromechanical Early devices were based on an electromechanical system identical to an electric bell without the metal gong. Similarly, a relay may be connected to interrupt its own actuating current, causing the contacts to buzz. Often these units were anchored to a wall or ceiling to use it as a sounding board. The word buzzer comes from the rasping noise that electromechanical buzzers made. Piezoelectric Piezoelectric disk beeper A piezoelectric element may be driven by an oscillating electronic circuit or other audio signal source, driven with a piezoelectric audio amplifier. Sounds commonly used to indicate that a button has been pressed are a click, a ring or a beep. G) PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD: [pic] A printed circuit board, or  PCB, is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways, tracks, or  traces ,etched   from copper sheets laminated on to a non-conductive substrate. It is also referred to as printed wiring board(PWB) or  etched wiring board. A PCB populated with electronic components is a printed circuit assembly(PCA), also known as a printed circuit board assemble(PCBA). PCBs are inexpensive, and can be highly reliable. They require much more layout effort and higher initial cost than either  wire-wrapped or  Ã‚  point-to-point constructed   circuits, but are much cheaper and faster for high-volume production. Much of the electronics industrys PCB design, assembly, and quality control needs are set by standards that are published by the IPC organization. 5) SCOPE: This circuit only indicates the amount of water present in the over head tank, It gives an alarm when the tank is full. This worthy device starts ringing as soon as the water tank becomes full. It helps to check overflow and wastage of  water by warning the customer when the tank is about to brim. ? Now no need to go on the roof to look the water level. ? Alarm starts ringing as soon as tank becomes full. ? Suitable for every tank. ? Easy to make and economical circuit.

12 Awesome Learning Games for Kids

12 Awesome Learning Games for Kids SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Learning games, or educational games, are all about making learning, well, fun! They’re also about getting kids to see the practical nature of the skills they’re acquiring, whether that’s how to identify shapes in the world or how to spell difficult words. In this article, we explain what kinds of skills children can learn through games and give you 12 examples of learning games for kids in preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school. What Skills Can Children Gain From Learning Games? Learning games are entertaining, highly effective methods for teaching children valuable life skills. Here are some of the most important skills kids can hone through learning games: Fine Motor Skills: Coordinating small muscles in specific movements using the eyes Pattern Recognition: The ability to grasp and predict patterns in images, numbers, etc. Visual Scanning: Using your eyes to look in a systematic, pragmatic manner, such as when learning to read Visual Attention: Being able to focus on specific visual information and filter out irrelevant information Short-Term Memory: The ability to recall images, patterns, or other qualities that have just been shown or said and then hidden or removed from sight Reasoning Skills: The ability to process information, think critically, and solve problems Social/Emotional Skills: Includes cooperation and patience as well as how to maintain eye contact, resolve conflicts with others, and communicate effectively Public-Speaking Skills: Expressing yourself verbally in front of others both confidently and appropriately Foreign Language Acquisition: The ability to learn vocabulary words, grammar, and other characteristics of a language that is not your native tongue Active Listening/Listening Comprehension Skills: Giving your full attention to a speaker and understanding the message the speaker is trying to express Language Skills: Linking together words to form proper sentences/phrases and improving vocabulary knowledge The kinds of skills children gain from educational games can vary a lot depending on the game, the ages of the children playing it, and its purpose as a whole, such as reviewing a basic math concept or improving vocabulary knowledge. For example, a learning game that works to improve kids' fine motor skills would be better suited to preschoolers and younger children than it would be for older elementary school students who have already mastered these skills. Educational Games for Kids: 12 Fun Examples In this section, we give you 12 examples of learning games for children in preschool all the way through upper elementary school. We've divided the games into three age groups: Preschool Learning Games (Ages 3-5) Early Elementary Learning Games (Ages 5-9) Upper Elementary Learning Games (Ages 9-12) Preschool Learning Games This first set of educational games is geared primarily toward preschoolers, or kids aged 3-5. Puzzles Number of Players: 1+ Time: 5-15 mins Skills Learned: Fine motor skills, pattern recognition, visual attention, reasoning skills, social skills Puzzles are great (not to mention fun) tools for preschoolers to practice their fine motor skills and pattern recognition. Some of the best puzzles for toddlers and preschoolers are those that teach simple concepts, such as the names of shapes, numbers, and alphabet letters. Be sure you're using puzzles that are geared specifically toward young children and not adults (so as to prevent possible consumption of small pieces). You can also have preschoolers solve puzzles in pairs or groups, or see whether they can solve the puzzle within a certain time frame. This should naturally be followed by a reward for the winners! Hot Potato Number of Players: 3+ Time: 5-15 mins, depending on size of group Skills Learned: Fine motor skills, social skills, public-speaking skills Hot potato is a classic game you likely played as a kid but perhaps never realized just how many skills you were learning as a result! There are many variations on hot potato, but the most basic form, which is the easiest to do with extremely young players, is to have all the kids sit in a circle and give one of them a beanbag (or other soft "potato" substitute, such as a small pillow or a stuffed animal). Turn on some music and then have the kids quickly pass the "potato" to the person next to them in the circle as fast as they can. Once the music stops (you decide when to pause it- remember, random pauses are key to the surprises in the game), the child holding the potato is out (or must do something as punishment, such as reciting the alphabet or counting aloud 1-10). Continue playing until just one child is left. Here are a few other variations on hot potato you could try: Allow the children to toss the "potato" to anyone in the circle (except for the person who just tossed it to you, unless there are only two players left) Have each kid answer a question when given the potato before they can pass it to someone else (for example, you show them a picture of a shape and ask what its name is) Use multiple "potatoes" to up the ante! A teddy bear works well as a "potato." This one's even the right color! Memory/Concentration Number of Players: 1+ Time: 10-15 mins Skills Learned: Short-term memory, fine motor skills, visual attention Memory, or concentration, is a fun, easygoing game that improves children's short-term memory and fine motor skills. There are several different ways you can set up this game depending on the resources you have: Picture cards with matching pairs: With this method, you’ll take a deck of picture cards and spread them out face down on a desk or the floor. Each child will then take turns flipping over two random cards. If the two cards are different, the child must flip them back over and leave them in their original spot. If the two cards do match, the child places them in front of herself. Continue playing until there are no more cards left; the child with the most matches wins. Puzzle pieces with pictures and matching pairs: Puzzle pieces with different edges and/or shapes work well for young children because they’re easier to grab and provide clearer hints as to which pieces will likely fit together. Flip over puzzle pieces two at a time, and play in the same way as described above. Pre-made memory game with windows: If you don’t want to set up your own concentration game with cards or puzzle pieces, then you might want to buy a pre-made memory game that comes with windows, such as this classic version by Melissa Doug (for ages 5-7). Four Corners Number of Players: The more, the merrier! Time: 10-15 mins per round Skills Learned: Active listening skills, public-speaking skills, social skills This classic game is great for burning off some energy. Start by labeling each corner of the room with a different number (or letters, shapes, cardinal directions, or anything else you’re currently teaching your kids). For example, if you want to focus on shapes, you could label each corner a different shape, such as a rectangle, a circle, a trapezoid, and a triangle. Choose one child to be "it" and blindfold them. The rest of the children will each pick a corner and move to it (without the child who is "it" knowing which corner has how many people in it). Still blindfolded, the "it" kid says the label of one of the four corners. With the example above, this would be one of the four shapes. All children standing in the corner whose label is called must immediately return to their seats, as they are now out. Repeat this process until there are four or fewer children left, at which point each kid must choose a different corner. The last person standing wins and becomes the "it" kid for the next round. Early Elementary Learning Games These kids' learning games can be played with children in early elementary school (kindergarten to around third grade). Fruits Basket Number of Players: Best with 8+ Time: 10-15 mins Skills Learned: Active listening skills, foreign language acquisition, public-speaking skills, language skills Fruits Basket is a wild game often played to get kids moving and learning things such as foreign-language vocabulary, numbers, letters, and so on. The game is similar to musical chairs. Put chairs in a circle so that there’s one less chair than there are children playing (e.g., if you have seven kids playing, you’d have six chairs). Make the chairs facing inward toward the middle of the circle. Each child will wear a picture of something around their neck, such as a particular shape, alphabet letter, or animal. Limit the number of unique cards to three or four, depending on the size of the group. This means that there should always be at least two kids per picture card. So let's say you have a group of 12 children playing. In this case, it would be best to have four unique card types, such as apples, oranges, bananas, and peaches. Four unique card types means three cards for each category(in other words, three kids will be apples, three will be oranges, etc.). One kid stands in the middle of the circle (also with a picture card around their neck) while the rest of the children sit in the chairs. The child in the middle picks one of the card names to say out loud. For example, if every child is a shape, the child in the middle could say, "Circle!" to make all the kids with "Circle" cards around their necks stand up and move. Once a category has been said aloud, all children sitting down who have the card with this category on it must stand up and find an empty chair to sit in. Meanwhile, the kid in the middle will also look for an empty seat to try to steal. Whoever doesn't get a chair is now the new child in the middle. Play continues until you decide to end the game- there are no winners or losers. Here are some additional tips for playing Fruits Basket: If a child is having trouble finding a seat and keeps getting stuck in the middle, they can say, "Fruits basket!" to make everyone get up and move at the same time. For an extra challenge, make it so that you can’t just exchange seats with the people sitting directly next to you (if they're wearing the same card as you). This game works great as a foreign-language activity. Have your children practice saying simple words in the target language. I often used this activity to teach my Japanese students English. Bingo Number of Players: The more, the merrier! Time: 10-15 mins Skills Learned: Visual scanning, fine motor skills, active listening skills, pattern recognition, foreign language acquisition Bingo isn’t just for the elderly- lots of kids love playing Bingo, especially if it means winning a prize or two! To play, you can either buy or make your own Bingo sheets. The traditional Bingo sheet looks like this, with each letter of "Bingo" representing a separate column with numbers in it (there's also a free space in the middle): The caller (usually the teacher or adult) will draw cards with numbers on them or randomly call out numbers. Each child takes a few seconds or so to look for the number and see if it is on their Bingo sheet. If it is, the child places a small token (or uses a pencil to draw an X or O) on the square with the number in it. If the number is not there, the child does nothing. If a kid marks five squares in a row, in a column, or diagonally, they call out, "Bingo!" and receive an award. There are many variations on Bingo. Here are some ideas for changing it up: Use pictures or shapes instead of numbers- this is great for teaching foreign vocabulary Get rid of the "Free Space" to make the game more challenging Change the traditional winning pattern and instead require the children to cover spaces in the shape of a giant X, cover all four corners, or get a blackout (i.e., cover the entire board) This next game makes kids the detectives. Scavenger Hunt Number of Players: The more, the merrier! Time: 15-20 mins Skills Learned: Reasoning skills, foreign language acquisition, social skills Scavenger hunts are great for not just getting kids to exercise and run around but also teaching them problem-solving skills and the value of teamwork. There are tons of ways you can set up a scavenger hunt depending on the age, skill levels, and interests of the children. The basic idea of a scavenger hunt is to have children (usually in pairs or groups) search for specific objects or clues in a room or other closed environment. Some scavenger hunts don’t require any preparation. For example, you could have children search for specific shapes in nature or colors of objects (especially useful if you’re teaching color names in a foreign language). Slightly harder scavenger hunts can entail having the children look for math problems or riddles, which they must solve in order to get the hint to where the next problem is hidden. Other types of hunts include providing children with a list of objects to find and gather, perhaps to put together later in order to complete something, such as a jigsaw puzzle. Simon Says Number of Players: The more, the merrier! Time: 15-20 mins Skills Learned: Active listening skills, language skills, foreign language acquisition Simon Says is a great way to teach kids how to listen and understand a variety of words, thereby improving their language and literacy skills. It's also helpful for teaching vocabulary words and grammar in a foreign language. To play, have everybody stand up. Make one person (usually the adult or teacher) be Simon. This person is the leader and is trying to eliminate as many players as possible. As Simon, you will say action phrases for the children to do, such as "Touch your nose" or "Raise your left hand." If you use the phrase "Simon says" before the action, the children must do it. If you don’t use the phrase "Simon says," however, the children must not do the action. Any child who performs an action that does not have "Simon says" before it or who fails to do an action that has "Simon says" before it is out and must sit down. The game continues until one child is left standing. Upper Elementary Learning Games This last set of educational games is best for children in grades four through six. Hangman Number of Players: 2+ Time: 10-20 mins Skills Learned: Language skills (spelling and reading), reasoning skills, public-speaking skills, visual scanning, foreign language acquisition Hangman is one of those classic, simple games that requires no major prep and is very easy to learn. It’s best played with a larger group of people or in teams. One person (usually the adult or teacher) thinks of a word and writes down a short horizontal line, or blank, for each letter of that word. Make sure to use a word that the kids will know and that is ideally relevant to what they’re learning. For example, if you chose the word "flower," you would write down six blanks, one for each letter. Once you have a word chosen and have written down the blanks for it, draw a hook-like picture; this will be what the "hangman" hangs on. It’s similar to an upside-down L or J. Draw an empty box next to this as well- this will be for recording wrong letters: Now, each student (or group of students) takes turns guessing a letter in the mystery word. If the letter is correct, write that letter in whatever blanks it appears in for the word (so if there are multiples of that letter, write all of them in). If the letter is incorrect, put that letter in the empty box and draw part of the hangman. Most people start with the head and then move on to the body, the limbs, and finally the facial features, such as the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. It's good to decide ahead of time what a full hangman looks like so the children can know at any point how close they are to losing. Anyone may guess the full word at any time. If the word is incorrect though, treat it as a wrong guess and draw part of the hangman. The players win if they guess the correct word or find all the letters in the word before the hangman is complete. You win if nobody guesses your word! To make the game slightly easier for kids, you can give them a category beforehand from which you’ll think of a word. For example, if the category were "School Supplies," then they’d know to be on the lookout for words such as "eraser," "pencil," or "notebook." Catch Phrase Number of Players: 4+ Time: 15-20 mins Skills Learned: Reasoning skills, active listening skills, language skills, public-speaking skills, social skills Catch Phrase gets its name from a popular board game, which involves describing a certain word or phrase to people without using any of the words in that phrase or any rhyming words. To play your own game of Catch Phrase, come up with dozens of words kids must describe to one another. If you have a large group of kids, divide them into teams (typically two). Write out the words on individual pieces of paper and then put them in a hat or bowl from which one kid at a time will select a word. Check that every child understands the word they get, and be sure they do not tell anyone else their word! There are several ways you can play this game; here are some of the most common: The traditional method is to have two teams. Each team takes turns describing a word to their teammates. Once a team guesses the correct word, play passes to the other team. The game continues like this until time runs out. The team not in the middle of describing a word when the timer stops wins one point. Time each group one minute and see how many words they can guess correctly. Have one child describe words one at a time (or have each child take turns describing one word). Give one point for each correctly guessed word. Don’t allow children to "pass" difficult words- this will make the game even harder! Teamwork is a vital part of Catch Phrase and other kids' learning games. Pictionary Number of Players: 2+ Time: 15-20 mins Skills Learned: Reasoning skills, visual scanning, visual attention, social skills Pictionary is an exciting board game that encourages kids to practice their drawing and reasoning skills. To play, divide children into pairs (or teams) and give them either a mini-whiteboard with a marker or a sheet of paper with a pencil. Each child will take turns drawing a picture of a word that’s been secretly given to them (written on a piece of paper and given to them or whispered to them by an adult). The other kid has a certain amount of time- usually one minute- to guess the word that is being drawn. There are many options for changing up the rules. For example, you could have all the children who are drawing pictures illustrate the same word at the same time, or have every child take turns drawing a picture at the front of the classroom on the whiteboard so everyone can guess. Here are the official Pictionary rules in case you’re interested. 20 Questions Number of Players: 2+ Time: 5-10 mins Skills Learned: Reasoning skills, active listening skills, language skills, short-term memory, public-speaking skills 20 Questions is an easy game to play that doesn’t take up much time and can be played with as few as two players. The purpose of this game is for the players to correctly guess what one person is thinking of within 20 yes-or-no questions. The thing being thought of is usually an object, person, or place. As the thinker, you'll come up with one word and then have the kids one at a time ask you yes-or-no questions to try to figure out what the word is. Questions typically begin broad: Is it a person? Is it something you can eat? Is it something in this room? If it’s the first time you’re playing this game with children, it'd probably be a good idea to go over some examples of basic questions they can ask you so they have a better idea of how to play. As the yes-or-no questions get more specific, children can begin guessing the word. For example: Is it a balloon? Is it George Washington? Is it the playground? If players can figure out what the secret word is within 20 questions, they win! If not, you win. The one message we hope you take away from this article! Review: The Importance of Kids' Learning Games Learning might not sound like much fun, but the truth is that there are tons of ways children can engage in activities that are both fun and educational. This list of 12 learning games is certainly not exhaustive, but it does manage to show just how many different types of (fun) educational games for kids exist. Most of these games can be bought at a store or created with simple tools, such as paper, markers, and colored pencils. If you’re not sure what kind of learning games to use with your own kids, think first of the types of skills you’d like them to learn. For example, if you want your very young students to practice their fine motor skills, a hands-on game such as a puzzle would be a great choice. Regardless of the games you decide to play with children, you’re sure to end up having lots of fun- perhaps more than you thought possible! What’s Next? Want more ideas for kids' learning games? Then check out our expert guides on spelling games (coming soon), alphabet games (coming soon), and toddler learning games (coming soon). If you want to teach children, then perhaps an early childhood education degree is right for you.Our guide goes over what this degree entails in terms of coursework, and gives you a helpful list of the best online BA in Early Childhood Education degree programs. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Hannah Muniz About the Author Hannah received her MA in Japanese Studies from the University of Michigan and holds a bachelor's degree from the University of Southern California. From 2013 to 2015, she taught English in Japan via the JET Program. She is passionate about education, writing, and travel. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Selecting great descriptive essay topics

Selecting great descriptive essay topics Descriptive vs. narrative Being a student you have to do a wide range of assignments. One of them is writing different types of essays such as descriptive, argumentative, narrative, etc. Surely, all academic works discuss particular ideas. However, each of them has its peculiarities of writing and purpose. For example, papers produced on descriptive essay topics portray places, people, or even events, while narratives are like literary compositions. They tell us stories about the participants of some events. Essay Writing Battle: Descriptive vs. Narrative Narrative Papers These works deal with describing writer’s experience. Thus, they explain how particular events or situations have influenced the author. Narrations have a lot in common with stories. The main purpose of such type of essays is to inform readers about the events that the author has participated in. As to topics for writing narratives, they are numerous. Therefore, you may write about your new job, first day at college, a key moment that has changed your outlook, etc. A fine narrative essay example may help you find out how to concentrate on the central point of the work. Note that narrations do not necessarily talk about author’s experience. For instance, book reviews are also considered narratives as they retell the events described in a book.Descriptive Works When writing descriptive essays, you should provide vivid details of the discussed objects or people to help readers imagine the described events clearly. Thus, when reading your work, users will sense the atmosphere of the described time period. It will not be hard to select a topic for your paper as there are a lot of original subjects. Therefore, you may write about your favorite things, your best friend, ideal journey, etc. By the way, great descriptive essay examples may help you understand how different topics are analyzed.Similar Features Descriptive and narrative papers have the same structure. They include an introduction, body section, and conclusion. Analyze clear personal narrative essay examples to see how your piece of writing should be constructed. Note that a thesis statement should be written at the end of the introductory paragraph. It usually presents the aim of writing a particular work. Therefore, you need to explain why the analyzed subject is worth examining. Both types of papers should state concrete facts in the body section to develop the point presented in the thesis. Contrasting Peculiarities If you examine narrative essay examples, you will see that this paper is written in the first person unlike a descriptive one. Thus, such pronouns as â€Å"I, me† are often used. Besides, narration describes people’s actions, while descriptive works do not. Furthermore, narrations provide a logical flow of information. On the contrary, works written on descriptive essay topics may be organized in the way the author wants. Astonishing Narrative Essay Topics for Producing Unique Essays Describe your phenomenal non-academic success and explain readers how you have managed to achieve it. Specify who you would like to carry out an interview with. Characterize your image in the social networks. Explain what sports clubs mean to you. Tell readers how you have received an excellent grade in the most challenging college project. Talk about the gadgets, which you consider irreplaceable (one of the narrative essay topics which you will consider engaging). Describe the most pleasant time, which you have spent with one of your family members. Talk about the position of males and females in the society. The most wondrous deed you have ever performed. The place of TV programs in your life. State the reasons for writing/not writing a journal. Describe your feelings when you have undergone unusual experience. Talk about the moment when you have realized that physical appearance can be deceptive. Specify the books or films that have changed your outlook on life. Tell what supernatural powers you would crave to have. Explain what kind of vacation you are dreaming of. Describe the most memorable trip you have gone on with your friends. Describe your way of spending spring vacations. Does your family follow any unusual traditions? Tell readers about them. Where would you go on holidays if you could choose the location? What holidays spent with your family do you consider unforgettable? Would you like to go into space? How can you describe your space journey? Have you ever thought about changing the place of living? Talk about your diving experience. Assess the impact of travelling on your life. Describe the sights which you regard the most impressive. Tell about the most fascinating vacation. Exceptional Descriptive Essay Topics Describe your mother or any other family member. Portray your role model, e.g. your favorite singer, painter, etc. Do you believe John Kennedy deserves appreciation? Tell what your favorite movie or cartoon character is and describe it. What is your favorite antihero? Why? What qualities of your classmates do you find superior? State what traits of your husband/wife, girlfriend/boyfriend make them special. Which of the mentioned characters do you find attractive: Xena, Charmed, or Wonder Woman? Write an essay describing your favorite professor. Why is Margaret Thatcher regarded as an outstanding political figure? Present her contribution to the political development of Great Britain. Provide the arguments proving that your favorite singer is better than other well-known artists. Analyze the behavior of a specific person in a concrete situation. What influences your own behavior? Indicate the main situational factors. Portray a person whom you detest. Describe the movie, which you consider awful. Create an essay about the movie character, which you find extremely scary. What would you say to one of your favorite superstars if you met them on the street? How would you identify the notion â€Å"true friend†? How would you describe your enemies? State why you consider friendship between men and women possible. Share your own experience. Write a paper focused on the business person who you regard successful. What qualities should an experienced top model have? The place of Abraham Lincoln in the development of the USA. Prepare an essay illustrating the traits that make your mother outshine other mothers. What makes your father the most caring father in the world? Describe your house in detail. Is there anything about it what you would like to alter? How do you consider moving to another house/city? Where would you desire to go the next summer? Describe an impeccable place for having a rest in winter. What winter spot do you find the most dangerous? Some learners desire to describe their rooms in their dorms. Put forward constructive ideas about what steps should be taken to make the campus a better place for living. What is your favorite place in your home country? How do you see a suitable place for celebrating a golden wedding anniversary? Present your ideas in a coherent essay. Vividly describe the place where people can see the Moon eclipse (this is rather an unusual theme among other narrative essay topics). What a perfect place to organize a loud party should look like? What countries do you crave to visit? My native city is the place where I belong. Why is Melbourne considered the soul of Australia even though it is not its capital? Tell readers about the most boring spot you have ever visited. What is the most spectacular spot in the word from the tourists’ point of view? Write an essay providing information about the educational establishment you are studying. Talk about the places you have visited with your parents when being a child. Describe the most thrilling flower festival you have ever been to. What location would you select to organize a pop concert? Describe Seven Wonders of the World in an extraordinary way. What things/sights do you consider the major wonders of the world? What feelings do you experience when meeting friends from your childhood? Compose an essay highlighting the benefits of living in your home country. Describe your route to a specific place. Where can one organize a wild student party? Your favorite place from a historical fiction. Describe the feelings that arise when you think about a close friend whom you have lost. What activities do you like undertaking together with your grandparents? Tell readers about a significant event which you have participated in during studies. What did you feel when you first rode a horse? Describe the event that has changed your whole life completely. Perhaps it was a conversation with someone, photo shoot, etc. What things do kids memorize best of all? Create a piece of writing describing the feelings a person experiences when walking in the mountains.

Human Resources in the Hotel Paris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Resources in the Hotel Paris - Essay Example The gap is one of alignment between larger company strategy of superior service and superior customer experience, on the one hand, and how the company at present compensates its employees, which does not necessarily bring out the best out of those employees (â€Å"The Hotel Paris Case†; Freedman and Kosova 1-4). There is a disconnect between what the company hopes to achieve, which is establishing the hotel as providing superior guest services, on the one hand, and on the other hand the way the company in general just pays average wages in comparison to the industry, and in some cases pays lower than average industry wages for some of the roles. The challenge is in aligning pay levels with the crafted strategy to provide differentiated, superior hotel services to guests, in comparison to the industry level of services. This strategy is hoped to elevate company profitability and viability in the long term, but the current employee compensation strategy of paying employees just what the industry pays on average will not help the company achieve its larger goals (â€Å"The Hotel Paris Case†; Freedman and Kosova 1-4). Tied to salaries, there is a disconnect between what the company wants to achieve, superior service, and the way the current compensation strategy pays employees the same way regardless of performance. Superior service means superior employee performance, but at present employees have no motivation or reason to perform, given that pay is not tied to the way they do their work. There are no incentives in place to reward good work. Moreover, the current pay strategy does not stimulate interest from top performers in the industry to go work for Hotel Paris, because there are no incentives to work hard in order to move ahead. The current pay strategy may have encouraged mediocre employees to stay (â€Å"The Hotel Paris Case†; Freedman and Kosova 1-4). There is obviously a price to pay for superior service, and that price is employee pay that is on par or superior to what the industry pays. Superior pay may mean a compensation package that is superior, and not just necessarily based on gross financial pay.

Suggested specific researchable PhD topics Essay

Suggested specific researchable PhD topics - Essay Example 5. The influence of Islam on global English: Islam is the world’s most prevalent religion and thus has greatly influenced a myriad of world cultures and languages, how specifically has English, particularly global English, been influenced? 7. Arabic in certain parts of the Middle East can be assimilated to Latin in the United States or other English speaking parts of the world: What influence does Arabic have in non Arabic speaking Middle Eastern countries? 8. The history semiotics in Arabic as compared to that of the English language. English has evolved over time as a compilation of many languages as well as semiotic influence. How does this compare to that of Arabic’s history? How the differences in the languages would necessitate different interpretations of the same sign, with respect to semiotics. 12. The threat of global English being a hold over from white colonization in other countries and how it adds to a Euro-centric, white normalized ideal of the â€Å"norm†. Is the spread of English as a global language contributing to the overall white, Euro-centric ideology of global â€Å"normalizationâ€Å"? 14. Alphabet and writing systems of Middle Eastern language and the English language, specifically as integrated in the Middle East. An example of this is signs displayed in the Middle East which may show both an Arabic and an English description of

Human Resources - Pay Plans Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources - Pay Plans - Essay Example Hence, reward system in organization can be defined as â€Å"The degree to which reward allocations (i.e., salary increase, promotions) are based on employee performance criteria in contrast to seniority, favoritism and so on.† However, reward systems are more than bonus and stock options. As Steve Jobs says â€Å"The journey is reward†; often rewards include both of these incentives, they can also include other recognition such as reassignment, non-monetary like vacations. Abraham Maslow’s theory of needs hierarchy explains the needs of human beings into five hierarchical categories namely physiological, safety, social, esteem, and need for self-actualisation.   On the contrary, Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory explains why employees act the way they do, in light of their aspirations and their expectation of reaching those goals. These two theories are renowned frameworks that are used to create effective reward systems in organisations. Intrinsic rewards are intangible, i.e., feeling of accomplishment and a sense of achievement. These rewards are those that produce non-quantifiable, personal satisfaction and a feeling that the work of employee is appreciated. On the other hand, extrinsic rewards are tangible outcome such as monetary, promotion, bonuses and sales prizes. Such employees are thought to be motivated to work hard to produce quality results when extrinsic rewards are offered. In research paper of â€Å"Management implication of the interaction between intrinsic motivation and extrinsic rewards† by David Beswick of University of Melbourne, when employee is intrinsically motivated, they are more aware of wide range of phenomena while giving more attention to complexities, inconsistencies and unexpected possibilities. Such employees need time and independence to make choices, to collect and process information, and to get applauded for well

Pantoprazole Compound Discovery and Development

Pantoprazole Compound Discovery and Development Abstract Pantoprazole is an proton pump inhibitor, which inhibits the gastric acid secretion by blocking the proton pump or the H+K+ATPase in the gastric parietal cells of stomach. Pantoprazole was synthesized in the year 1987 and was launched in the year 1994 after development and clinical trials. Development of the lead compound timoprazole and the discovery of H+K+ATPase as an target, were the two most important discoveries which led to the generation of a new class of compounds, the proton pump inhibitors. In this review, the discovery and the stages of development of pantoprazole will be discussed. Introduction The gastric acid is secreted in the stomach by the parietal cells. The gastric parietal cells are known to have three stimulators viz. gastrin, acetycholine and histamine. Acetylcholine and Histamine exert their effect through the M3-Muscarinic and H2-Histamnic receptors respectively. Whereas, gastrin exerts its action via release of histamine. Antagonists of the cholinergic and histaminic receptors were the first agents used for the inhibition of gastric acid secretion. The side effects and low efficacy limited the use of cholinergic receptor antagonists[1] and the histaminic receptor antagonists were the first class of drugs to be clinically used for the treatment of acid related disorders. These classes of drugs were widely developed in the 1970s and 1980s.[1] But, variability in response and phenomenas like acid rebound and tolerance were observed in these class of drugs[2]. Thus there was a need of more effective targets and drugs for the optimal inhibition of gastric acid. This search led to the discovery of a new target, the gastric acid pump- H+K+ATPase and a new class of anti-secretory drugs were born that is the Proton pump inhibitors[2]. Omeprazole was then synthesized in 1979 and was the first clinically used proton pump inhibitor launched in 1988 and then gradually pantoprazole was synthesized in 1986 and launched in 1994. Today pantoprazole is one of the first line drug used in the treatment of acid related disorder. Initiation of research for new compounds: In 1967 at Astra HÃ ¤ssle researcher Ivan -stholm initiated an innovative research project in gastrointestinal field in order to develop anti-secretory agents which could be used in the peptic ulcer diseases[4]. Their first idea was to inhibit the gastric stimulating hormone gastrin[4]. It was known from the various animal experiments that local anesthetic agents of the antrum blocks the release of gastrin. Therefore the researchers at Astra HÃ ¤ssle aimed at synthesizing a local anesthetic compound which could be administered orally and is orally active. But all the available local anesthetic agents were however, protonated in an acidic environment and therefore were inactive, thus the goal was to change the chemical structure of lidocaine which was an established local anesthetic agent of the Astra HÃ ¤ssle itself into a non-basic compound[4]. The shay rat or the gastric fistula rat was used as a screening model. A large number of compounds were synthesized by the researchers, b ut it was found that the anesthetic property of the compound induced toxic effects. The chemical development finally ended with compounds including carbamates which were devoid of local anesthetic properties. Carbamates were found to be very effective inhibitors of gastric acid secretion in rat models but were rather ineffective in dog.[6-7] The most effective carbamate compound was H81/75 but however in 1971-72, when it was tested in humans it was found to be completely ineffective. Instead of reviving this local anesthetic lead, the researchers undertook a literature search to look for new approaches. In 1972, the researchers found an abstract from an Hungarian pharmacological meeting in which a new anti-secretory agent called CMN-131 was described.CMN-131 was synthesized by French company Servier.[4,5] In this abstract it was reported that CMN-131 induced inhibition of stimulated gastric acid secretion in rats as well as anesthetized dogs. But due to severe toxicological problems the research on this drug never continued.[4] By this time in 1973, Smith-Kline and French announced the development of Cimetidine, worlds first H2 receptor antagonist which inhibited the gastric acid secretion by blocking histaminic receptors[1]. Based on the structure of cimetidine, a benzimidazole ring was added to the structure of CMN-131and was tested on animal models this new compound was named as H124/26 .[4]This sulphide compound was then modified for stabilization into its su lfoxide analogue and thus a new compound called as Timoprazole was born which was found to be a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. But, however timoprazole was found to show toxicities in the thyroid gland. It causes enlargement of thyroid gland, the possible reason for this toxicity was that the timoprazole inhibits the iodine uptake. Thus timoprazole was not further developed and it served as a lead compound for the development of new anti-secretory agents. Uptill now the target of timoprazole was unknown. Discovery of H+K+ ATPase: In 1977, George Sachs and John Forte discovered H+K+ ATPase pump commonly known as the proton pump or the gastric acid pump[3.4]. From the experiments carried out on hog gastric mucosa, they showed that the exchange of H+ and K+ were responsible for the regulation of the gastric acid secretion and they also suggested that this was the terminal step in the acid secretory process of the parietal cell wall[4]. When acid secretory membranes are isolated from the parietal cells, they round up and form closed vesicles containing H+K+ ATPase. On the basis of imunohistological data from various organs with the help of antibodies against a crude preparation from the secretory membranes of the parietal cells, Sachs showed that the proto pump was localized in the gastric parietal cells.[4] This immunohistological data not only revealed strong immunoreactivity in the parietal cell region of the stomach, but also revealed some acitivity in the thyroid gland.[5] Target identification: On the basis of various pharmacological methods, like the isolated guinea pig atrium, it was found that timoprazole was neither an H2-histaminic receptor antagonist nor an anti-cholinergic drug. Furthermore there were no evidences supporting any anti-gastrin activity of the compound.[4,5] Therefore, though timoprazole inhibited the gastric acid secretion in various animal based models but its exact mechanism and site of action due to which it can account for its anti-secretory activity was yet to be identified. During this time, the proton pump was discovered and there were evidences that the activation of this newly discovered proton pump, present in the secretory membranes of the stomach parietal cells, was the final step of the gastric acid secretion. Also, the imunohistological data obtained using antibodies reveled strong immunoreactivity in the parietal cell region of the stomach and also some activity in the thyroid gland. On the basis of these facts coupled with the knowledge of the side effects of timoprazole on the thyroid gland, discussed earlier, raised an intriguing question in the minds of the scientists that could H+K+ ATPase, be the target of site of action of timoprazole. Research was initiated in this area in parallel to the further development of the benzimidazole compounds. With the help of the various pharmacological techniques such as the isolated gastric vesicles, it was indeed shown that the substituted benzimidazoles inhibited the gastric acid secretion by the inhib ition of the H+K+ ATPase pump. Studies showed that the pre-incubation of isolated vesicles with substituted imidazoles resulted in inhibition of gastric acid secretion only when the conditions were acidic[4,5]. This was really a breakthrough finding. This finding was further verified in experiments where the compound solvent was acidified[4]. All these facts and findings were the first indication that the substituted benzimidazoles had to be probably be transformed in other forms in order to bring about the active inhibition of the proton pump. Protonation of the compound was the first step in the transformation of compounds. These findings were followed by a series of experiments using various different types of test systems, in order to study the interactions of substituted benzimidazoles with the H+K+ ATPase pump. Several binding studies were carried out with substituted benzimidazoles which showed specific binding to the H+K+ ATPase.[3,4] All the studies and findings showed that the substituted benzimidazoles inhibited the gastric acid secretion by binding to the H+K+ ATPase pump and thus inhibiting its action. Optimization of timoprazole: Due to the various toxicological effects of timoprazole on the thyroid gland due to the inhibition of the iodine uptake, timoprazole was not suitable for further development. Therefore the researchers were in search of a new compound and a new possible approach. In order to optimize the lead compound timoprazole various studies were carried out, so that an compound devoid of toxicities could be developed. A literature search of the chemistry of thiourea compounds showed few substituted mercapto-benzimidazoles having no effect on the iodine uptake by the thyroid[4,5]. Thse substituted mercapto-benzimidazoles analogues were introduced into the structure of timoprazole. Various tests and experiments showed that the above analogue of timoprazole had a considerable anti-secretory actitvity and also was devoid of any inhibitory action on the uptake of iodine. This potent anti-secretory compound obtained after the introduction of mercapto-benzimidazole substituents in the structure of timoprazole was named as picoprazole.[5,4] The first toxicological studies of picoprazole showed necrotizing vasculitis in the small intestine of dogs[4]. However it was later found out that the toxic effect of picoprazole was an non-drug related phenomenon. The second toxicological studies carried out with picoprazole was rather successful. Picoprazole was then tested in human volunteers, where it showed very potent anti-secretory activity with a long duration of action.[4,5] Development of pantoprazole: As discussed earlier, these compounds were only effective in inhibition of gastric acid secretion, if an only if the ATPase was making acid. As this compound was a weak base the steps that were thought then to result in inhibition of ATPase activity and acid secretion involved accumulation of the compound in the acid space of the isolated or intact gastric vesicles or in the parietal cell canalicullis during H+ transport, followed by a conversion of compound to its active form to account for acid dependence.[1] The conversion of compound to its active form is acid dependent. It was then postulated that these compounds acted as pro-drugs which can only react with the H+/K+ ATPase,if they are converted into their active form in an acid dependent manner. The active form of this compounds are the sulfenic acid or sulfenamide form. Further studies showed that the final structure of the compound generated in the acidic solution was a result of tetracyclic planar rearrangement of the compou nd, which leads to compounds containing a highly -SH reactive sulfenamide group.[1] However it is not clear whether the sulfenamide or the sulfenic acid or its dehydro form is responsible for binding to the H+/K+ ATPase covalently. In order optimize the acid stability of the lead compound and to generate selectivity for maximal accumulation at the site of action and for proper activation in the acidic space of the parietal cells, chemists changed and introduced new substituents on the heterocyclic ring of the lead compound which lead to the development and synthesis of Omeprazole in the year 1979[5]. It was found to be the most powerful inhibitor of stimulated gastric acid release[5]. Omeprazole was devoid of toxicities. Omeprazole was launched in 1988 and it was the first clinically used proton pump inhibitor. In order to develop more acid stable and effective compounds various modifications were done and in 1986 Byk Guilden synthesized Pantoprazole.[3] It was tested in both in vivo and in vitro and was found to be a potent anti secretory agent. studies on human volunteers was successful and it also suggested that pantoprazole had greater acid stability and target selectivity than omeprazole[2]. In addition its pharmacokinetic and metabolic profile was also different[2]. In 1987 sodium salt of pantoprazole was synthesized as the salt was more stable, more soluble and was more compatible with other excipients used in the formulation finally after seven years of clinical development pantoprazole was launched in 1994 for the first time in Germany.

The Signal-Man By Charles Dickens :: Charles Dickens Signal man Essays

The Signal-Man By Charles Dickens Dickens gives a description of the railway cutting with intricate detail and encompasses it with a cloud of gloomy and a depressive mood. He associates places and objects with certain impressions which produce this large image of negative and horrifying vibes and feelings. When the narrating character has the first acquaintance of the railway cutting and signalman's box, Dickens bombards you with adjectives and depictions of a morbid and 'depressing' atmosphere. He called it a 'dungeon' which implies a sense of torture and a ghastly horrid nature. The very description of the signalman's box creates a feeling of suffocation and being trapped. 'On either side, a dripping wet wall of jagged stone, excluding all but a strip of sky; the perspective one way was only a crooked prolongation of this great dungeon;' The emphasis on the gloominess and 'forbidding' 'deadly' environment conveys the relevance to the storyline of pre-cursor of death and constant haunting and reminder of danger. Dickens also seems to always entertain the possibility of a supernatural presence. For example, the narrator had felt the dread of a following train, and when the wind 'struck a chill' to him. This allows for an interpretation of the apparent interference of a ghost in the plot like an outer world inspiration. The story throughout contains the ingredients and factors that make up a horror story, for example the chill, cold, 'gloomy', dark and 'deadly' moods, and the returning haunting ghostly figure with its repeating gesture. This is great support for the plot and it sets style and mood and adds fear and tension. The vivid interpretation of the 'dungeon' conveys the great torment the signalman was feeling inside, and shows the possible physical factors which could have psychologically affected him. The frequent indication of the solitude of the signalman, in the depressive and 'unnatural' atmosphere is

Human Service Programs: Commonalities & Success Paper Essay

The following paper will discuss the human service organizations uniqueness in comparison to other various business organizations around the world. The common denominator and central focus for all human service programs will be discussed. The trends in human services, and the qualities associated with human service agencies that contribute to their successfulness. (Lewis, 2006) Human service agencies are designed to specifically provide services to those in the communities. They usually provide services that are a to meet certain needs such as substance abuse, mental health concerns, and developmental disabilities. Particular agencies may focus on employment, rehabilitation centers that helps individuals gain skills pertinent to their job, and also to populations that are subject to prejudice or marginalization. Most human service organization are non profit but there are also for-profit and not-for-profit. All in all human service agencies have the needs of their clients as their fi rst priority. Human service programs are often effected by political, social, technological, and economic trends. Due to political trend the human service programs may be effected such as things like Obama Care. Politics can play a crucial role as they give most of the funding to programs that human service agencies operate. Economic trends are up and down and this is to be expected. Of course technological trends will continue to change as businesses can run more fluidly with up-to-date technology. (Korkmaz, 2012) In order for a human service agency to be successful the company should have a human resource that is focused on the needs of meeting goals of the organization. The organization should also be treating their employees fairly and justly. The code of ethics should be followed, as every management has an extensive guideline. The agency should make serious efforts to have a diverse workforce, training to enhance staffs  knowledge, efficient methods of hiring, appraising, and commending workers, and designing jobs so that the workers are able to use all of their knowledge and skills to the companies profit.(Lewis, 2006) In conclusion, unlike other agencies in the workforce the main agenda of a human service program is to lift our clients up and help those in our communities. Though not all agencies are the same some are small, larger, more funding, less; all have one goal in mind and that is to make a difference in the lives of our children, neighbors, seniors, adolescents, and adults. Many trends will effect the human service programs as with anything else in this world but it does not stop the goals. Each agency has serious guidelines and code of ethics implemented to strive for success in their agencies. References Judith. A. Lewis (2006). Management of Human Service Programs (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Brooks/Cole . Korkmaz Yaylagul, N., & Seedsman, T. (2012). Ageing: The common denominator? Journal of Population Ageing, 5(4), 257-279. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12062-012-9072-x

Ethical Dilemnas in the School Districts

Ethical Dilemnas in the School Districts AbstractEveryday our school districts are full of ethical dilemmas. Our teachers and other staff have been educated on moral development and implementing these moral values to our children. Teaching personnel experience dilemmas on a daily basis. Having moral obligations to society, to the profession, to the school board, and to students, they find that it often is not clear what is right or wrong, or what one ought to do, or which perspective is right in moral terms (Rushworth Kidder, 1995). Unfortunately, relatively few personnel have been trained to deal with conflicts related to teen pregnancy. Until very recently, ethical issues were given little attention in preparation programs. Dilemmas arise when cherished values conflict. A principal who values both teacher autonomy and student achievement will face a dilemma when teachers want to enact a policy that lowers expectations. This kind of conflict is heightened because school leaders are public officials with obligations to many people who often have competing values or interests.Betonwerksteinskulptur "Lehrer-Student" von Reinha...Should parents be informed if a teacher learns that a student is pregnant? This is the ethical dilemma facing our school today.The DilemmaI work for the Tracy Area Elementary school district. We have recently had an ethical dilemma that has increased concern for our students and teachers. The dilemma is a young girl who is 14 years old went to the teacher and told her she was pregnant and did not know what to do. The teacher had quite a shock and did not know how to handle the situation. She encouraged the girl to tell her parents and seek prenatal care. She also helped her to contact the local Planned Parenthood. The girl was quite scared of telling her parents so the teacher took her to the Planned Parenthood (PP), against her...

Let Him Have It. Essays

Let Him Have It. Essays Let Him Have It. Essay Let Him Have It. Essay In this essay, Im going to tell you about a film called Let Him Have It. Its about two young boys who get involved in the killing of a police officer. Derek Bentley, 19, and Christopher Craig, 16, never thought they would get to a point where one of them had to kill someone when breaking and entering into a warehouse. The director, Peter Medak made the film because he wanted the audience to feel sympathy for Derek Bentley, who was executed for a crime he didnt commit. Whereas Craig, the young gangster who brutally murdered police officer, PC Miles, got only 10 years in prison because of being underage. The director showed us about Dereks early life by making the young boy look defenceless and innocent during the blitz. First came the flashbacks when London was under attack, where Derek was buried under a pile of debris. The mood was frantic, everyone was trying to help him and it was all chaotic. This childhood is completely different to Craigs one. Craig was a big troublemaker; he had a very rough childhood compared to Dereks. The director showed these two scenes about both Derek and Christopher because, he wanted the audience to know what kind of backgrounds these boys came from. He wanted us to judge Derek and Christophers past up to what they have become now. Derek came from a loving family who cared and stood by him. Examples where love and support is shown in Dereks family is when he had nice long chats with his sister, Iris, in his bedroom, when she encouraged him to give up smoking, this shows that she really cares for her brother and wants him to be happy and healthy. Another example is when his father tries to get a job for his son. What made Dereks parents happy was when his sister took him out for the first time into town. The director also shows the whole family having a Sunday evening together chilling out and relaxing in the living room. Whereas Craigs family is not shown in the film to represent they dont spend time with each other, except for his brother Niven who got into trouble mostly all the time, he served 12 years in prison for armed robbery at Waltham Abbey. Dereks lack of confidence is shown wherever he is. For example, when he and his sister were out in town, they entered a record shop, and the woman behind the counter started flirting with him. He didnt know what to say and stuttered because he was so nervous. Other times too, like in the courtroom his head was down because he was too nervous to look at people, even his own family. This behaviour is totally different looking at how Craig acts. Whenever hes with his friends, he feels as if hes the leader of the gang and takes control of everything. His confidence got him into trouble sometimes, always taking risks, like in the early days at school, when he used to swap guns with classmates. He was always trying to show them off, and one reason for this, is because his classmates used to take the mickey out of him for having dyslexia. Hes the cocky and cheeky type, this shows that Craig has to act like this to make others aware that he is not scared easily and can stand up for himself. In the courtroom, Derek shaked and nearly had a fit when he spoke but Craig had his chin up and spoke clearly, with cocky confidence and arrogance to the judge. Derek admires and looks up to Craig because he finds everything great in Craigs lifestyle. Examples are friends, money, women, cars Craig makes it look easy about having a girlfriend, loads of friends, having a lot of money and possessing a nice car. Derek wants Craigs life because he thinks its exciting and fun. The night when they decided to rob the warehouse was actually the night of the shooting. They both climbed over the gate, first Craig then Derek. At that precise moment, a little girl sees them and the police are alerted. When the police arrive, Dereks behaviour changes. He thinks about what his family will make of him - My dad is going to kill me he starts to panic and wants to own up but Craig holds him back. Craig is acting jumpy as well but tries to stay calm. He tries to play it tough, and making it like hes not scared and in control. He says things that he thinks are daring to the police officer, like-Come and get me if you want! During the trial, Derek is shown to be vulnerable and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve. When he answers questions he looks down and shakes a lot. During that time the camera does a close up of him looking nervous, because when the judge asked him a question, he was nervous about his answer. Derek tells his story with hesitation, however Craig just tells it without even thinking. When the judge told him about the amount of guns he carried from the age of 11 to 16 and then went on to ask if he carried them with him altogether, Craig seemed to find that amusing and answered mockingly Of course not Sir, I carried a few at a time The director shows people in authority in a bad light in the film- to make us think that theyve done wrong, and punished an innocent person. For example, the people who put Derek in approved school, they seem like they cant be bothered with Derek, they dont think hes smart, and want nothing to do with him. Also, he shows that the army medical officer, doesnt want an unhealthy person like Derek to fight with a weakness, in this case- Dereks fits. The policeman on the roof was much the same, he could clearly see that Derek did nothing, possessed no gun, and killed no one, but he assumed that his fatal words - Let him have it Chris directly meant - Shoot him. However, any person who thinks logically will know that Dereks innocent words actually meant- Let him have the gun, Chris. The judge, jury and lawyer also mistake those clear unoffending words for something they think are guilty, which makes Dereks chances of not being executed very low. In the last part of the film, the build-up to the hanging is very emotional and stressful for everyone. The director tries to break our hearts, showing us the state of the family, people who support Derek; he does a close-up of the clock to indicate how much time Derek has before his brutal death. The music is very slow and gentle, so it can match the speed of the pre-execution. At around 9am, hes in his cell, saying his final prayers with a Priest. The actual hanging itself, happened so suddenly, you didnt have time to think about what was going on. Derek was shaking as the police officer gave him his drink to calm him down, then being taken away to his death place. When he was being executed, the speed changed very quickly as did the music, it went along with the speed- very fast. The way the director shows Derek, roughly handled by the men and how abrupt the procedure was, with a bag on his head and feet and hands tied up, makes us feel very sorry for him and angry with everyone w ho put him through that. And thats exactly what the director intended us to feel when he made this film.