How to Write a Synthesis Essay :: Synthesis Essay

The main purpose of a synthesis essay is to make insightful connections. Those connections can show the relationship(s) between parts of a work or even between two or more works. It is your job to explain why those relationships are important. In order to write a successful synthesis essay, you must gather research on your chosen topic, discover meaningful connections throughout your research, and develop a unique and interesting argument or perspective. A synthesis is not a summary. A synthesis is an opportunity to create new knowledge out of already existing knowledge, i.e., other sources. You combine, â€Å"synthesize,† the information in your sources to develop an argument or a unique perspective on a topic. Your thesis statement becomes a one-sentence claim that presents your perspective and identifies the new knowledge that you will create. Before writing your synthesis 1. Narrow a broad or general topic to a specific topic: In a short essay, completely covering a large topic is impossible, so picking a specific, focused topic is important. For example, the broad topic of global warming would need to be narrowed down to something more specific, like the effects of automobile exhaust on an ecosystem. 2. Develop a working thesis statement: A working thesis statement should include a rough idea of your topic and the important point you want to make about that topic. Writing this statement at the top of a rough draft or outline and looking at it often can help you remain focused throughout the essay. However, the thesis statement that you begin with is not set in stone. If you find that your essay shifts topic slightly, you can change your thesis in later drafts so that it matches your new focus. 3. Decide how you will use your sources: After completing your research and gathering sources, you may have a large or overwhelming amount of information. However, the purpose of a synthesis essay is to use only the most important parts of your research, the information that will best support your claim. At this point, you must decide which sources, and/or which parts of those sources, you will use. 4. Organize your research: Now, decide the order in which you will present your evidence, the various arguments you will employ, and how you will convince your readers. Writing your synthesis In the following synthesis essay the author found various sources on the same topic and used certain parts of those sources to support the thesis statement. How to Write a Synthesis Essay :: Synthesis Essay The main purpose of a synthesis essay is to make insightful connections. Those connections can show the relationship(s) between parts of a work or even between two or more works. It is your job to explain why those relationships are important. In order to write a successful synthesis essay, you must gather research on your chosen topic, discover meaningful connections throughout your research, and develop a unique and interesting argument or perspective. A synthesis is not a summary. A synthesis is an opportunity to create new knowledge out of already existing knowledge, i.e., other sources. You combine, â€Å"synthesize,† the information in your sources to develop an argument or a unique perspective on a topic. Your thesis statement becomes a one-sentence claim that presents your perspective and identifies the new knowledge that you will create. Before writing your synthesis 1. Narrow a broad or general topic to a specific topic: In a short essay, completely covering a large topic is impossible, so picking a specific, focused topic is important. For example, the broad topic of global warming would need to be narrowed down to something more specific, like the effects of automobile exhaust on an ecosystem. 2. Develop a working thesis statement: A working thesis statement should include a rough idea of your topic and the important point you want to make about that topic. Writing this statement at the top of a rough draft or outline and looking at it often can help you remain focused throughout the essay. However, the thesis statement that you begin with is not set in stone. If you find that your essay shifts topic slightly, you can change your thesis in later drafts so that it matches your new focus. 3. Decide how you will use your sources: After completing your research and gathering sources, you may have a large or overwhelming amount of information. However, the purpose of a synthesis essay is to use only the most important parts of your research, the information that will best support your claim. At this point, you must decide which sources, and/or which parts of those sources, you will use. 4. Organize your research: Now, decide the order in which you will present your evidence, the various arguments you will employ, and how you will convince your readers. Writing your synthesis In the following synthesis essay the author found various sources on the same topic and used certain parts of those sources to support the thesis statement.

Arthur Andersen Essay

In order â€Å"to offer high-quality accounting services†, Arthur Andersen (AA), a Northwestern accounting professor started a business to offer services to clients promoting â€Å"integrity and sound audit opinions over higher short-run profits†. The company’s â€Å"four cornerstones† was good service, quality audits, well-managed staff, and profits for the firm. Their strategy was to focus on quality and high standards of audits rather than profits, a very successful strategy that led to consistent growth over the years. Environmental, strategic, and organizational changes In designing the optimal architecture for a given firm, market conditions, technology, and government regulation should be taken into consideration as these are important factors and determinants of strategy. At the top is firm’s external business environment which comprises of technology, markets, and regulations all of which feeds down strategy, organizational architecture, incentives and actions, and firm value. In order to focus on generating new business and cut costs AA adopted a new strategy which involved evaluating its partners on how much new business they brought to the firm. This newly adopted strategy made it more about the numbers and making money. In order to reduce the costs they required partners to retire at the age of 56 years. With this strategy it led to the increased emphasis on revenue growth as well as expense reduction. There were new partners that rose to the top, Steve Samek, a prominent example of a partner that was able to turn a $50,000 audit fee into a $3 million audit engagement. Although some rose to the top, such a policy it led to fewer experienced auditors and fewer partners overseeing audits and signing off on inaccurate financial statements for companies that overstated revenues due to improper write off of assets. Another prominent change within the firm was when an Andersen engineer, Joseph Glickauf, demonstrated that computers were able to automate bookkeeping records. This was noted to be a â€Å"monumental change in the partnership† and allowed the company to enter the consulting business in 1954. They were able to help their clients automate their accounting records and they were able to develop the largest technology practice of any accounting firm. The firm’s external environment was also changing in 1930s as the federal government adopted new laws that required public companies to submit their financial statements to an independent auditor every year. Added regulations led increased revenues during this period and helped with the firm’s reputation and growth. In 1998 when Samek became the managing partner he formulated a new strategy the â€Å"2X† performance evaluation system which included advice on how partners should â€Å"empathize† with clients. Along with making organizational architecture changes he also changed the culture by making the dress code a relaxed and adopted a new logo that incorporated a rising sun. Enron’s Audit due to a few â€Å"bad partners† Arthur Andersen began auditing Enron’s books in 1986. Early 2001 Enron was considered the â€Å"premier energy company† with a market value of equity of approximately $75 billion and such a high market value meant that it was important to pay close attention to the books of Enron since there is heavy reliance on the auditor’s opinion. Enron’s engagement fees accounted for just a small portion of AA’s revenues but most of the revenues came from a Huston office that was set up in Enron’s Huston headquarters with the partner David Duncan. In evaluating Andersen’s claim that their problems on the Enron audit were due to a few â€Å"bad partners† I would disagree because of the close relationship that the two companies shared along with a poorly developed organizational architecture. The Huston headquarters had over 150 Andersen professionals on site that seemingly knew or were aware of the accounting scandal but chose to ignore it. Professional judgment and independence also was not practiced as noted â€Å"there were so many people in the Huston office with their fingers in the Enron pie if there was an auditor who did not want sign off on an audit they would be fired. This was not the only crisis that AA was involved in which made outsiders questioned their practices and overlook their claim. There were lawsuits against Arthur Andersen. Prior to the Enron scandal AA had settled a dispute with the Securities and Exchange Commission paying more than $7 million for accounting and auditing work of Waste Management Corporation. Additionally, the SEC sued an Andersen lead partner on the Sunbeam Corporation audit. These crises along with their claim that their problem with the Enron audit was due to a few â€Å"bad partners† was merely the result of an unsound organizational structure along with policies and practices that the firm implemented. The unsound organizational structure of Arthur Andersen changed the motivation of employees within the firm and changes within the firm over the years one of which was the compensation of partners did not allow for integrity when work was being done for these public companies. What could have been done differently? The organizational architecture of Arthur Andersen seemed to have gone a different route from what it was intended for and much of the success that Arthur Andersen was short term and partner based. Policies that were implemented led partners to engage in mischievous acts to gain more business. Slowly their policies and practices became more about money rather than quality audits using the right protocols. Other than management who were involved in mischievous acts I would recreate or polish existing polices to realign it to their initial strategy which was to provide â€Å"quality accounting services to clients and promote integrity and sound audit opinions over higher short-run profits†. It is noted that an ill designed organizational architecture can result in poor performance and company failure and AA made material changes that changes their business environment and strategy which led to their collapse. Their flawed organizational architecture made it hard for new talent (other than partners who were all about numbers) to be discovered. It became more about making your numbers so I would also design a system that allowed for inefficient management to be replaced by new talent who are not only about creating value for the firm but also to fill in gaps that may be in architecture. Andersen and multitask principle agent theory Incentive conflicts existed at Arthur Andersen. At AA there was management and partners that acted in their own self interest through maximizing their own utility at the expense of the other partners that was vested in the company. This also seemed to be a recurring problem that affected the company because on multiple occasions a partner was accused acting in their own self interest. Conflict of interest with alters the principal agent relationship also played a big part at the rise of the Enron scandal because a widespread concern among investors, regulators, and the public rose which may have motivated many AA professional on the Enron engagement to sign off on questionable accounting practices. Risky practices to reap short term benefits paved also paved the way for dishonesty and fraud. Relation between â€Å"hard† and â€Å"soft† elements of the firm’s corporate culture Hard and soft elements better known as the 7S Model is a model of organizational effectiveness was developed at McKinsey & Co. Consulting firm in the 1980’s. It proposes that there are seven factors within a firm that needs to be aligned and reinforced in order to be successful. Hard elements include structure, strategy and systems and the soft elements include shared values, skills, style and staff. Hard elements are influenced and identified by management. It is the formal architecture and primary determinant of a firm’s value. Soft elements on the other hand are those intangible elements that are influenced by corporate culture. AA for example organizational architecture, Samek tried to change the softer elements of AA’s corporate culture. For example, the dress code was relaxed, the wooden doors at AA’s office entrances were removed, and the firm adopted a new corporate logo, the rising sun. This gives the company a sense of direction and motivation and serves as a means for communicating and reinforcing firm goals. According to this model it is required that there is a balance between the hard and soft elements. As it relates to AA there was no good balance between both elements. At the pinnacle of this model are shared values a soft element which was a broken element that made the model hard to achieve at AA. There was no proper defined corporate culture at AA so there was nothing to link how people will behave in the firm or to hold the architecture of the firm up. The concept of shared values should starts at highest level (i.e. partners of AA) and they should instill these values to their senior management who must then continue the process till it reaches first year hires. However, if unethical behavior starts at the highest level the companies culture will be damaged before it reaches first year hires and the will adopt the unethical behavior In addition to changing Andersen’s organizational architecture, Samek tried to change the softer elements of AA’s corporate culture. For example, the dress code was relaxed, the wooden doors at AA’s office entrances were removed, and the firm adopted a new corporate logo, the rising sun. Were actions at Arthur Andersen unique? There may have been certain environmental factors (i.e. intense competition), opportunities, or lack of regulations and monitoring that may motivate other companies to partake in the same unethical decisions as AA. There may also be no telling whether or not other accounting companies practiced unethical decisions because they may be able to better conceal these unethical practices so it goes unnoticed. This situation was not unique to Arthur Andersen. The severity of the scandal made it hard for AA to bounce back whilst other companies may have been able to resolve issues dealing with unethical behavior to lessen the severity and make it seem miniscule to the public. There is beyond no doubt that after the fall of AA and Enron that top accounting companies started to ensure that their practices and organizational structure was sound to prevent the same crises such as that of AA from happening to their company. As a top partner of another accounting firm during Andersen’s demise I would closely review practices of the firm, and closely follow articles and regulations released by the SEC, GAAP, and other regulatory agencies regarding auditing procedures. Lastly, I would also ensure that the proper protocols are followed regarding existing, new, or prior engagements (i.e. practicing independence, professional judgment or skepticism). SEC proposed regulations in 2000 to limit consulting work by accounting firms Legislators were acting in the public’s interest as they may have noticed that the proposed regulation was flawed and may have stirred up controversy in the securities market. The proposal was under scrutiny as it was noted to be â€Å"fatally flawed† and existing regulations passed were challenged as it was noted that a more active role needed to be taken in making changes in the measurement and reporting system in support of better information to foster better decisions making by corporations, investors and the government. With the added pressure and intense lobbying by the â€Å"Big Five† accounting firms they may have not seen a problem in the company providing both services or felt the regulation needed to be refined. Enforcing ethical standards because of Andersen scandal Whilst it may not have been the main reason for the AICPA to release a set of standards for the conduct of CPAs, the Arthur Andersen scandal certainly gave rise to the development of the Code of Professional Conduct. When scandals pertaining to audit of financial statements occur the first person to blame is the firm of the CPA on the audit engagement. The AA scandal has definitely heightened the public’s awareness of the need for increased attention to all ethical business practices by professionals especially CPA who investors heavily rely on for their opinion. The AICPA is only to be blamed for not setting higher ethical standards for their members and making it a priority. They do not have control over unethical conduct of members but they can enforce and clearly state the ramifications. It is important to note that the firm that hires the CPA to perform services should also instill their own code of conduct. Appointment of a new oversight board Rather than continuing to be self regulated after the scandal, the appointment of an oversight board was necessary as they provide independent oversight of public accounting firms providing audit services. They register auditors, define, inspect, and enforce specific processes and procedures for compliance of audits as well as for quality control. Auditors of public accounting companies are inspected by the PCAOB not less than once every 3 years and except any deficiencies, the inspection report becomes public information after completion of an appeal period. The PCAOB further has authority to investigate and discipline violations of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, board rules, securities laws and professional standards. This oversight board will provides insight on all public accounting firms so investors are confident in relying on their opinions about a particular firm’s financial statement. The Sarbanes Oxley Act allowed more eyes from the outside to look in on the practices of these accounting firms.

Fisheries Society Essay

Fish is the major source of food worldwide and the main supply of protein; it is consumed by many people from almost all backgrounds. Fish is obtained by fishing using different types of methods; the techniques used for fishing are both old and new ones, but all of them have negative impacts on both fish and the environment. Impacts on the environment by wild stock fish harvesting depends on the techniques used for harvesting and the place where the species are found, harvesting techniques are divided into active or passive depending on whether the fishing gear is propelled or towed in pursuit of species or target species move into or forwards the gear. In active gear technique a vessel tows a net trawl or dredge through the water or on the seabed, dredges are used to capture sedentary species that live and feed on benthic habitats while trawls ate towed beneath the water immediately above the seabed. Trawls and dredges sometimes are designed with ticker chains that disrupt the seabed surface to induce the target species flee upwards into the water column and get trapped into the net or to fluidize the sediment of the sea for the tickler chains to penetrate deeper and harvest the fish deep in the water. Trawling and dredging are meant to reduce the roughness of the seabed to depths above 6cm within the sediment, but on large scale it changes to benthic habitats and the fishing structure of a given community but depends the type of target species, gear used and organisms affected for instance sea urchins are more likely to be fatal. Gears differ in sizes, they can be large and heavy and can be towed up to approximately 13 km/hr and it take years to recover when an impact occurs, at the same time the gears have a high magnitude although, the disturbance caused by the magnitude depends on benthos and the changes to benthic structure can be permanent, this disturbance cannot be compared to natural physical disturbance. Severity of impacts remains unknown in areas of high-grading, black-market sales ad by-catch where large fish deaths occur. Trawls and dredges rip up the sea bed considering that they are not better placed than purse seine in targeting species. Gill nets target on fish accumulating both small and large sizes but fish that are too small for mesh swim through while large sizes are not caught; In order to increase the surface area targeting large fish, the length of headline to the length of the stretched net can be set too low, and the net hangs slacks, this makes the net less selective and entangles the fish but as drift nets pelagic shark fish near the surface or mid-water or to catch demersal species with the gill the net sets and gets close to the seabed. Seals, dolphins, turtles and dugongs can be caught and get killed in gill nets, however this depends on the region and fishery, and sometimes infest them leading to eventual death. Gill nets are hazard to dolphins, whales, turtles, sharks and fish when lost for they remain buoyant and continue fishing untended for a good number of years. Pots and traps affect ecological effects and food web is disturbed as a result of overshing of rock lobster may result in population explosion of sea urchins and consequently the disruption in trophic structures. The long lines deployed to catch pelagic species, they consist of long lines with baited hooks attached to shorter ones, they catch seabirds and the devices for reducing bird catches fannels and shuts do introduce lines and hooks below the sea surface and the change in prey abundance changes the diet of birds and foraging time; change in food web predator-prey interactions the trophic structure and diversity; for example the over harvesting predator species of sea urchins results in overabundance of sea urchins and the decimation of kelp beds; known as urchin barren grounds it results in loss of habitat structure, loss of primary and secondary production, and all tropic structures and barren areas of sea floor, consequently a fast growing species also may become dominant with increased pressure an lower trophic levels and local extinctions will occur and the target species becomes uneconomical even before depletion occurs. 5. Introduction The use of marine reserve was banned by the f isheries management allowing fleet and gear techniques. However many fisheries have collapsed worldwide as a result, illustrating the vulnerability of fishery resources and showing that these methods are ineffective. But marine reserves would generally increase yields; especially at the high fishing mortality that occurs in most fisheries, but the most interesting feature or reserves is their ability to provide resilience to overexploitation and therefore reduces the risk of stock collapse and therefore the best management option. Benefits of reserves are increased biomass and individual size within the wild stock, resulting in adult migration and larvae dispersal which replenishes fishing grounds. The use of marine reserve necessitates a thorough understanding of critical habitat requirements, fish movement, the behavior of fish, the relationship between subpopulations and the critical density effect for larvae dispersal. When marine reserve is properly designed in conjunction with other management practices reserve has the capability of providing better ‘insurance’ against uncertainties in stock assessment, fishing control and management by protecting a part of the population from exploitation, it can be the best strategy to be used both for sedentary and migratory species. The unwanted by catch is one of the main environmental effects of fishing and on a global basis the scale has large effects. UN Food and Agriculture organization (FAO) For instance in 1996, estimated annual global discards at about 27 million metric tones, of an equivalent of approximately 25% of reported annual production from fisheries. However the recent updated figure is taken to be 7. 3 million metric tones and this large reduction in bycatch is thought to be the result of use of more selective gears, introduction of by catch and discard regulations and their enforcement and increased utilization of the catch with improved processing technologies and expanding market opportunities; the bycatch varies between different fisheries, for demersal finfish fisheries account 36% of global discards while shrimp fish fisheries account for 27%, whilst together. These fisheries represent 22% of total landings. But on the contrary low by catch levels are associated with purse seines, hand lines, jig, trap and pot fisheries. 6. Introduction Stock enhancement bypasses early density dependent on food, habitat and predation and density independent factors like water, temperature, patterns of migration, oceanographic and conditions of early stages of life. There is dramatic decrease in mortality when compared to wild populations. Restocking has biological, disease, genetic, environmental, ecosystem and socio-economic impacts risks and the level of each risk vary significantly between species and releasesing sites, depending on stocking a sessile versus mobile species, native versus exotic; confined versus open water; type of predator prey interactions that is associated with the activity variables. Success of stocking will depend on pre-release conditioning and carrying out pilot studies to determine optimal release times, sites and size. Expansion of market over the short term after successful introductions as a result increases pressures on wild stock in case of less successful introductions and on sustainable environmental, genetic and economic perspectives the gains are not significant. Competition between wild fish and farmed stock depends on the density of fish and availability of resources which are directly influenced by stocking. The genetically homogenous reared fish dilutes the wild gene and thus introducing unfavorable genetic traits into wild stocks like in the case of Black bream from Moore River into swan increased susceptibility to disease and reduced growth rate of wild stocks. Restocking pollutes the environment and it affects farmed stock and the native species decreases due to competition for food any resources as seen with Galaxiidue as a result of introduction of rainbow trout, how one of the most seriously ‘threatened species’. The bacteria, viruses or parasites into the receiving environment with largely unknown potential effects wild stock like more than 30 world populations of wild salmon have been wiped out by gyradactylus salaries that were released from hatcheries. Consequently invasion by exotic species from hatcheries environment had lead to altered tropic structures, although diagnostic technologies prior to release and rise of quarantine stations may reduces chances of spreading diseases but it relies on knowing what pests or diseases to test so it is which in itself is uncertainty. The higher exploitation rates resulting from stocking results in over exploitation of remaining wild populations, which eventually endangers the viability of wild stock and diminished genetic pool. At the same time the structures involved with aquaculture can provide a habitat for invasive species which can eventually get transported on boats, and recess that service aquaculture sites and the invasive species are transported across regions. In addition there is lack of success in attempting to stock oceanic species inculcating that stock enhancement for marine fin fish should be confined to estuaries. Lastly evaluation of stocking programmes takes a good number of years after which changes in environmental, ecological or financial issues late resulting in long-term viability diminishing. Conclusion Fishing causes phenotypic change in target species in heavily fished stocks, and the breeding population matures earlier and this allows species to continue smaller females generally produce fewer, less viable eggs with lower spawning and recruitment rates resulting in a smaller less fecund population. Certain conditions for restocking and resources are needed to be available like sand, sea grass or reef for the optimum survival of fingerlings. Survival depends on critical resources of food and habitat, and therefore requires knowledge of carrying capacity of site. Summery Impacts on the environment by wild stock fish harvesting depends on the techniques used for harvesting and the place where the species are found; harvesting techniques are divided into active or passive depending on whether the fishing gear is propelled or towed in pursuit of species or target species move into or forwards the gear. In active gear technique a vessel tows a net trawl or dredge through the water or on the seabed, dredges are used to capture sedentary species that live and feed on benthic habitats while trawls ate towed beneath the water immediately above the seabed. Trawls and dredges sometimes are designed with ticker chains that disrupt the seabed surface to induce the target species flee upwards into the water column and get trapped into the net or to fluidize the sediment of the sea for the tickler chains to penetrate deeper and harvest the fish deep in the water Stock enhancement bypasses early density dependent on food, habitat and predation and density independent factors like water, temperature, patterns of migration, oceanographic and conditions of early stages of life. There is dramatic decrease in farmed mortality when compared to wild populations. Restocking has biological, disease, genetic, environmental, ecosystem and socio-economic impacts risks and the level of each risk vary significantly between species and releasesing sites, depending on stocking a sessile versus mobile species, native versus exotic; confined versus open water; type of predator prey interactions that is associated with the activity variables. Success of stocking will depend on pre-release conditioning and carrying out pilot studies to determine optimal release times, sites and size. Expansion of market over the short term after successful introductions as a result increases pressures on wild stock in case of less successful introductions and on sustainable environmental, genetic and economic perspectives the gains are not significant. Competition between wild fish and farmed stock depends on the density of fish and availability of resources which are directly influenced by stocking. The genetically homogenous reared fish dilutes the wild gene and thus introducing unfavorable genetic traits into wild stocks like in the case of Black bream from Moore River into swan increased susceptibility to disease and reduced growth rate of wild stocks. References Beverton R. J. H. & Holt S. H. (1993). On the dynamics of exploited fish populations . Fish and Fisheries Series 11, Chapman & Hall, London. Hilborn, R & Walters, C. J. (1992). Quantitative Fisheries Stock Assessment. Choice, Dynamics and Uncertainty. Chapman & Hall, N. Y. Murphy B. R. & Willis D. W. (1996). Fisheries Techniques, 2nd Edition.. American Fisheries Society, Maryland, USA.

How do you make women use restroom inside in India Essay

How do you make women use restroom inside in India - Essay Example Women have to walk in groups and accompany their daughters when it calls for defecation periods. It is upon these shocking revelations that, the researcher intends to investigate possible solutions to this and draw a policy that if implemented, will culminate into women’s use of restrooms without further threats. This should capture every culture and local condition as despite the government spending 7000 scores yearly in toilets constructions; it has failed to answer women problems culminating into disuse. Toilet designs should factor in elements of geographical conditions, water and culture (India today international, 1997, p. 156). Besides constructing toilets, environmentally friendly toilets should stand erected as stated by Gramalaya who has been constructing rural toilets in India for two decades. Some design may scare women particularly on holding balance, hovering and butt positioning, that is approximated at six inches over the seat. But it is recommended that they hold the toilet paper dispenser, handle or enlargement of gap between the toilet and butt. This aims at making public restrooms to properly separate gents and ladies facilities so as to avoid case of males harassing and molesting females. This has been seen in places such as schools that have usable toilet rated at 63 percent in 2013. Fear of rape by women, makes it difficult for them to use restrooms, there should be increased and well trained security guards with higher levels of honesty to assist women who may opt for restrooms. This will instill courage within these women which will rebel against their deeply-rooted open defecation culture. It is surprising that despite increased number of toilets in India, less impact has been felt as culture drives open defecation making many toilets disused. There are urgent calls for more input to create awareness on significance of using toilets. Women face infection particularly, when pushed to defecate in dirty fields during

Inflation trends QATAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Inflation trends QATAR - Essay Example Qatar is the world’s top liquefied natural gas exporter (Reuters, 2011). The economy of Qatar has a policy of maintaining prices and currency stability. Since the early eighties, â€Å"by stimulating economic policies the monetary policy of Qatar was directed†In specific, the average inflation rate of this period was relatively low. For the period of 90s, the rate was at 2.25% that was due the defensive actions of the central bank. However, the Qatar economy is somewhat pegged, because it maintains its currency at a fixed rate. The major objective of the central bank was to maintain the rate as (Q.R 3.64= $1) (Abdulrazaq, Shotar, & Al-Quran, pp. 118-126, 2003). However, the trends show that inflation in Qatar was falling in the eighties. The reason behind this was that there has always been government intervention due to which it was controlling the inflation prices by having an influence on the money supply. Qatar was experiencing a downtrend in inflation until 2004 wh en the long termed deflationary trend ended (Inflation Data, 2010). (Trading Economics, 2010) Inflation in the Gulf Cooperation Council continued to rise with each of the members experiencing a double-digit rise in prices. However, Qatar is one of the countries that have been under most impact due to the increase. The led the government to enact unprecedented protectionist policies (Hassan & Nakibullah, pp. 1-5, 2008). Qatar experienced 15% inflation in 2008. It is an assumption to have the fastest growing economy in the Gulf Cooperation Council and is an assumption to experience the least changes in inflation this year as well as the next. In December 2010, â€Å"Qatar returned to inflation due to which the costs of living rose to 0.4 percent† (Merzaban, 2008). This was so because there was a rise in the prices of clothes, transport, and entertainment. Similarly, on the other hand, rental and energy costs fell. However, deflation is easing in Qatar in recent years because â €Å"the OPEC member’s economy recovered from a slowdown in 2009 when prices fell from 4.9%† (Merzaban, 2008). However, prices in November remained flat. The three major factors, which contribute in the soaring of the inflation rates in Qatar specifically, are the high levels of government spending, growing demands of housing, because of which the prices of the houses and rents are pushed up, and the pegging of riyals with dollars, due to which the interest rates are falling (Whiteman, 2008). If practically take each factor into account, we come to a conclusion which says, that when there is a general rise in government spending, so this pushes up the aggregate demand, which is one of the causes of inflation taking place. Taking the other factor into account- there is an increase in the demand for housing means that more people are there, which means that increased population, which again increases the aggregate demand, hence pushing the inflationary prices. Furthermore , when one converse about the riyals being pegged against the dollars, this means that the government is holding back its reserves in order to control the prices, which eventually extinguishes and hence this leads to a boost in prices causing inflation in the economy (Whiteman, 2008). Another reason for growing rates of inflation in Qatar is that Qatar is the world’s largest exporter and trans-shipper of Liquefied Natural Gas. In addition, it will remain the fastest growing economy despite the lower oil prices. Due to being the largest exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas, the economy can experience increased rates of currency, which will lead a general increase in prices and hence inflation (Reuters, 2011). The increased rates of inflation that have taken place are mostly due to the higher global food prices. Food is a necessity and due to the increased populat

Professional Music Reviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Music Reviews - Essay Example Music is categorized on the basis of its musical compositions which tell the audience if it is a country music or pop, jazz or rock, classic or reggae. The second common element between all the music reviews is the â€Å"basic introduction† of the music album that is under review. Basic introduction gives the audiences an idea about the singer or the band, their popularity ratio and the number of hit tracks produced by them. Music reviews as published in Kansas City and Metacritic discuss the music albums track by track and according to the musical composition. Every single track in the album is reviewed by the critics in depth. From lyrics to musical composition of all the songs are discussed step by step. Comparison of under reviewed music with other contemporary singers or bands is another essential element of these music reviews. Strong content, information on music and poetic terms play an important role in writing a professional music review. It is important to understand the value of a professional music review which not only gives the audiences complete information on a specific piece of music but, also creates interest in their minds. Thriller is a masterpiece album composed and launched by the King of Pop, Michael Jackson. Thriller is another pop album produced by the King of Pop which will always be remembered for years. Michael Jackson proved his excellent command over pop music and beautiful compositions that helped him turned into a music legend. In short we can say that, Thriller is one of the best albums which gave a sudden boost to MJ’s musical career. As soon as Thriller was released, this magnificent album broke all the records of popularity and stayed on musical charts for about 80 weeks (Erlewine). Thriller has proved itself as one of the â€Å"most in-demand musical album† all round the world. Thriller holds different

Perspectives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Perspectives - Assignment Example It looks at how one thing relates to the other branches of the society. For example, how industrial or capitalistic relations coordinate with the economic, political and social relations of the said society. In the unitary perspective, any form of disagreement is viewed as very disruptive, unwanted and generally irrational (Waiganjo & Ng’ethe, 2012). This is because it is bound to spoil the state of tranquility that exists in this setting, which in normal cases is almost like a family. Conflicts are therefore solved through discussions, since the relationship here is taken to be mutually exclusive (Gordon, 2014). This essentially locks out the need for trade unions which usually should have taken this role of negotiation. As a result, the trade unions force themselves into the setup. In case they successfully do, they are in most cases pushed to the periphery of the organization since they are not really needed. Job regulation is perceived to be very mutual, where the needs, skills and requirements of the employee balance with those of the employer. As a result, employees enjoy their jobs and minima sackings or job discontinuities are observed. In the pluralist setup, conflicts and disagreements between the management and the employees is assumed to be a very normal occurrence. The leadership realizes that it has rival allegiances and attachments from its employees and an equilibrium has to be established (Michael, 1999).As a result negotiation and intensive arbitration are deemed necessary hence the need for trade unions, which are seen as essential for the rights of employees. They serve to agitate for the rights of the employees. Meanwhile, both parties are required to tread in a flexible manner, in order to avoid hard line stances that might scamper any negotiation attempt. Job regulation is maintained since the needs of the employee almost balance with the targets of the employer, and in case they don’t, trade